By the end of Year 10, students use a range of everyday language both orally and in writing to exchange information about their personal, social, local and about broader issues of personal significance. They communicate thoughts and opinions; make comparisons and contrasts (for example, a differenza di; invece), and offer reasons for points of view, opinions and preferences. They express desires...
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By the end of Year 10, students use a range of everyday language both orally and in writing to exchange information about their personal, social, local and about broader issues of personal significance. They communicate thoughts and opinions; make comparisons and contrasts (for example, a differenza di; invece), and offer reasons for points of view, opinions and preferences. They express desires and plans for the future. They give presentations, and formulate and respond to a range of questions. They interpret information and attitudes in a range of informational and imaginative texts. They create written texts such as descriptions, narratives and recounts that convey experiences, ideas and emotions. They give detailed descriptions; describe and relate episodes in time (for example, prima … poi … infine); and qualify statements, for example, through the use of relative clauses. They use simple subject–verb–object constructions, extending or qualifying their message by, for example, adding complements or using modal verbs or comparatives. They produce bilingual texts, plan what needs to be communicated to particular audiences and consider different perspectives.
Students use metalanguage to analyse and discuss features of language choice and use and cultural practice. They analyse texts, identifying features such as tone, sequences and relationships of events in time. They communicate their thoughts with awareness of different perspectives on issues or practices being discussed. They explain how Italian language use varies according to context, purpose and mode. They identify social and cultural practices of Italians in Italy and in the diaspora, including communities in Australia. They identify particular issues relating to translating between Italian and English, such as words with similar meanings and 'false friends, and identify certain concepts that cannot be translated readily from Italian to English and from English into Italian. They reflect on ways in which language and culture together create meanings, and on ways in which their own linguistic and cultural assumptions come into play in using and learning Italian. They demonstrate understanding of the role of language and culture in shaping experience, and the ways in which their own past experiences shape their identity.
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By the end of Year 10, students interact in written and spoken Spanish to communicate about personal experiences, relationships and aspirations, and broader local and global issues such as the environment, social media and tourism, including issues that pertain to Spanish-speaking countries. Learners interact with peers to make decisions, solve problems, and negotiate and plan action...
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By the end of Year 10, students interact in written and spoken Spanish to communicate about personal experiences, relationships and aspirations, and broader local and global issues such as the environment, social media and tourism, including issues that pertain to Spanish-speaking countries. Learners interact with peers to make decisions, solve problems, and negotiate and plan action in response to issues. When interacting, they use both rehearsed and spontaneous language and appropriate protocols (for example, Perdona, pero no estoy de acuerdo contigo porque …, me parece mejor … ¿qué os parece si…?) to express and compare opinions, share perspectives, and express agreement or disagreement (for example, Me parece que…, ¿qué les parece?, Que buena idea, me opongo). They apply rules of pronunciation, stress and intonation to a range of sentence types. They locate, summarise and analyse information from a range of texts, and communicate different perspectives and information in a range of contexts using different modes of presentation. They respond to and create personal, descriptive, informative and imaginative texts for different purposes, audiences and contexts using appropriate Spanish writing conventions. They use grammatical elements including present, imperfect, past and future tenses, reflexive verbs, and the subjunctive mood to express emotion (for example, Como chocolate todos los días, Fui al parque ayer, Salíamos a bailar los fines de semana, Estudiaré informática en la universidad). They use appropriate forms of possessive adjectives in own language production, as well as cohesive devices and prepositions to create cohesion and interest. They use relative pronouns (for example, El programa que miraba era cómico), relative clauses (for example, Mi amigo chileno me ha dicho que quiere venir con nosotras al cine) and adverbial phrases (for example, a la derecha, con frecuencia) to extend and elaborate their written texts. They work in Spanish and English to translate and create bilingual texts, explaining words or expressions that are culturally specific such as tapas, adobe, vaquero, Vive en el quinto pino, … más largo que un día sin pan. They describe their own reactions in intercultural exchanges and explain how their own assumptions and identity influence their language use.
Students identify differences in accent and pronunciation across the Spanish-speaking world, such as the use ceceo and seseo in different regions and countries. They use metalanguage to explain features of language (formal and informal language) and grammar (for example, las formas negativas, el futuro próximo con el verbo ir, masculino, femenino, singular, plural), and for reflecting on the experience of Spanish language and culture learning. They identify relationships between parts of words (prefixes and suffixes) and stems of words (for example, desagradable, la camioneta, la reconciliación), and how word patterns connect words in semantic families (for example, mercado, mercancía, feliz, felicidad, felicitaciones). They analyse the textual features of a range of texts in different modes and identify how these shape responses and influence meaning. They give examples of how Spanish is used in a variety of ways to achieve different purposes in different contexts and for different audiences. Students describe changes in the role of Spanish as a global language and explain how language both influences and reflects culture. They know that Spanish is co-official with many other languages in a range of countries, such as Guaraní in Paraguay; Quechua in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru; and Basque/Euskera, Catalan and Galician in Spain. They explain how meanings and interpretations vary according to the cultural assumptions that people bring to interactions, and consider how learning a second language provides the opportunity to view oneself from the perspectives of others.
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By the end of Year 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, leisure activities, likes and dislikes, for example, Hola amigo, ¿Cómo estás? Me gusta tocar la guitarra, No me gusta comer carne. They interact with one another in shared activities, negotiations, games and events, using modelled language to ask and respond to familiar...
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By the end of Year 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, leisure activities, likes and dislikes, for example, Hola amigo, ¿Cómo estás? Me gusta tocar la guitarra, No me gusta comer carne. They interact with one another in shared activities, negotiations, games and events, using modelled language to ask and respond to familiar questions, give and respond to instructions (for example, Haz click sobre la imagen del monumento. Escoge la palabra correcta), request help or permission (for example, ¿Me puede ayudar…?, ¿Cómo se dice… en español? ¿Puedo ir a beber agua? ¿Salimos al recreo ya?), and express opinions (for example, Creo que… ¡Qué sorpresa!). When interacting, students approximate Spanish sounds and use intonation to distinguish between statements (for example, Juan estudia español), questions (for example, ¿Cómo se dice …?), exclamations (for example, Juan, ¡estudia español!) and requests (for example, ¿me das un chocolate?). They obtain factual information and identify key points from different sources, using non-verbal and contextual clues to help make meaning. They describe characters, experiences and ideas using high-frequency vocabulary, and create short informative and imaginative texts using modelled sentence structures and formulaic expressions. When constructing sentences, students apply gender and number agreement to definite and indefinite articles, nouns and adjectives (for example, la luna clara, los bolsos rojos, un amigo español, unas estudiantes extranjeras). Students apply grammatical rules in relation to conjugation of verbs (for example, La bicicleta roja tiene un cesto negro, Tenemos los libros de lectura amarillos), and use the two verbs for ‘to be’ (ser and estar) in modelled examples (for example, Eres española/Estás en Australia, Soy alto y delgado/Estoy en año 8). They apply Spanish writing conventions such as inverted question and exclamation marks such as ¡No me digas! They work in Spanish and English to translate texts, and create simple bilingual texts. They describe their own experiences of using Spanish and explain how aspects of their identity influence their intercultural exchanges.
Students identify and apply rules for pronunciation and grammar and use metalanguage in Spanish to explain basic features of language, texts and grammar, making connections with terms such as ‘verb’, ‘adjective’, noun’ and ‘agreement’ that are used in English learning, and incorporating concepts such as grammatical gender. They identify the need to adjust language to suit different situations and relationships (for example, ¡Hasta pronto Doña Clara!). Students describe the distribution of communities of Spanish speakers in different countries and regions and know that Spanish is spoken in a variety of forms in different communities. They identify how languages and cultures change through contact, and give examples of Spanish words used in English such as ‘patio’, ‘chocolate’ and words used in Spanish that are borrowed from other languages such as shopping, tiquet. They identify cultural aspects of language use that are reflected in everyday interactions such as emailing, text messaging, gift-giving and apologising (for example, Lo siento mucho Don Pedro).
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Spanish to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously to offer opinions on social issues and to discuss young people’s interests, behaviours and values across cultural contexts. They justify opinions such as No creo que sea la...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Spanish to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously to offer opinions on social issues and to discuss young people’s interests, behaviours and values across cultural contexts. They justify opinions such as No creo que sea la mejor manera de resolver…, Estoy en contra de esa idea porque…, evaluate perspectives and reflect on their own language learning. They collaboratively plan and organise events and manage diverse views by using the subjunctive mood to express emotion and doubt and give negative commands (for example; Siento que no puedas ir a La Habana, Es posible que compre un reproductor MP3, No pienso que sea … Siento que estés enfermo … ¡No grites tanto!), the imperative mood for commands (for example, Hazlo bien, Toma el jugo/zumo, Escríbeme, Llámala …), and passive voice when appropriate (for example, se cometieron errores). Students locate, analyse, synthesise and evaluate ideas and information on local and global issues from a range of perspectives and sources. They present information using different modes of presentation to suit different audiences and to achieve different purposes. They select appropriate nouns and adjectives to describe values and attitudes identified in different imaginative texts, such as Ese joven no sirve para nada / Es un joven valiente, Ellos son ilegales / Ellos son los refugiados. They produce a variety of imaginative texts that reflect ideas, attitudes or values associated with Spanish-speaking communities, applying knowledge of the imperfect (for example, Cuando era joven vivíamos en Bogotá, Vivía en Granada cuando Pedro se graduó) and conditional tenses (for example, Valdría la pena ver los murales de Diego Rivera). They use grammatical elements such as reflexive verbs (for example, acostarse, cepillarse) and relative pronouns (for example, el amigo que visitamos), and use cohesive devices (for example, sin embargo, por eso, pero) to link and extend ideas, and time markers such as al día siguiente, después de…, más tarde… for sequencing. When translating Spanish, students identify cultural perspectives and explain how they have been represented. They create bilingual texts that reflect aspects of language and culture for both English-speaking and Spanish-speaking audiences. They contribute to mutual understanding when participating in intercultural experiences, and explain how family and cultural traditions shape people’s sense of identity.
Students identify connections between the variety of other languages used in different communities in the Spanish-speaking world and explain some of the variations in Spanish, such as the pronunciation of the letters c, s and z, and different ways of pronouncing ll and y. They use appropriate metalanguage to explain grammatical features such as word order, tenses and subjunctive mood and the purpose and features of different texts, such as informative and persuasive texts. Students analyse the influence of language on peoples’ actions, values and beliefs, including its capacity to include and exclude. They explain ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other.
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By the end of Year 6, students use written and spoken Spanish for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions and to share information about personal interests, relate experiences and express feelings. They use modelled sentence structures to ask and respond to questions (for example, ¿quién?/¿quiénes?, ¿por qué?¿por dónde? sí, por supuesto), seek clarification (for example, ¿...
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By the end of Year 6, students use written and spoken Spanish for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions and to share information about personal interests, relate experiences and express feelings. They use modelled sentence structures to ask and respond to questions (for example, ¿quién?/¿quiénes?, ¿por qué?¿por dónde? sí, por supuesto), seek clarification (for example, ¿Ella dice que apaguemos la computadora?) and give advice (for example, No debes comer tantos dulces). When interacting, students use appropriate pronunciation of Spanish-specific sounds such as ci/ca and ga/gi, and intonation patterns. They gather information relating to language and culture and present it in different formats. They describe characters, experiences and ideas encountered in texts, and create short imaginative texts using structured models and descriptive and expressive vocabulary (divertido, alto, gordo, grande). They use regular and common irregular verbs in present tense (for example, estudio español, voy a mi casa), simple past tense (for example, Ayer comí helado, Fueron a la cafetería) and near future (for example, Voy a ir a la playa, Vamos a comer frutas). Students use pronouns (for example, él/ella nosotros/as ellos/ellas, usted/ustedes/ vosotros/as), prepositions (for example, debajo de, por, al lado de, cerca de), adverbs (for example, muy, poco, bien, mal, lentamente), agreement of nouns and adjectives (for example, gente simpática, juegos divertidos ), and adverbs to mark time (for example, hoy, ayer, mañana, ya, todavía) and place (for example, dentro de, encima de, a la izquierda, a la derecha). They apply rules of punctuation such as question and exclamation marks (for example, ¿cuándo?, ¡cuidado!) and accents (for example, sofá, árbol, música). They translate and interpret short texts, identifying aspects of the Spanish language and culture that are similar or different to their own and create bilingual texts for the classroom and school community. They describe their own experiences of using Spanish and identify ways in which learning and using Spanish' may impact on their own identity.
Students know that Spanish has its own rules for pronunciation and grammar and that language use must be adjusted to suit different contexts, situations and relationships (for example, ¡Hasta pronto Doña Clara! ¡Adiós chicos!). They use metalanguage to explain basic features of language, texts and grammar, making connections with English terms they are familiar with such as ‘verb’, ‘adverb’, ‘noun’ and ‘agreement’. Students identify Spanish as a global language and describe the distribution of communities of Spanish speakers in different countries and regions. They identify ways that languages change through contact with other languages and due to new technologies, and give examples of Spanish words used in English (for example, ‘patio’, ‘chocolate’) and words used in Spanish that are borrowed from other languages (for example, chofer, carné, tenis, golf, corner, kiwi, parking, gol, tiquet, chao ). They reflect on the language they use at home, at school and in the community and identify how young Spanish speakers would use language in the same contexts.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with teachers and peers in classroom routines, action-related talk and play. They use formulaic expressions when participating in classroom routines and collaborative activities, such as complimenting others (for example, El bolso de Susana es hermoso), requesting help (for example, Necesito ayuda con mi bicicleta) and seeking permission such as ¿Puedo...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with teachers and peers in classroom routines, action-related talk and play. They use formulaic expressions when participating in classroom routines and collaborative activities, such as complimenting others (for example, El bolso de Susana es hermoso), requesting help (for example, Necesito ayuda con mi bicicleta) and seeking permission such as ¿Puedo ir al salón de informática?. They interpret visual, non-verbal and contextual cues such as intonation, gestures and facial expressions to help make meaning. They make statements using the present tense and the present + infinitive form (for example, quiero cantar, quiero salir) about aspects of their lives such as school, home and everyday routines (for example, Mi escuela está cerca de mi casa, Me gusta la clase de español). They approximate Spanish pronunciation and intonation in simple statements. Students gather information relating to own and others’ lifestyles and present information at sentence level in simple texts. They make simple statements about characters such as La bruja es amable, themes and their own reactions such as El payaso está triste in response to imaginative texts. They use modelled sentence structures to compose short original texts using conjunctions such as y, o, porque and pero, and prepositions such as a, con, de and en. Students use vocabulary related to school, home and lifestyles (for example, divertido, alto, gordo, grande). They use possessive adjectives (for example, mi libro, nuestro coche), adjectives (for example, extraño, fantástico), singular and plural forms (for example, el árbol, la cafetería, las pelotas, los mensajes) and regular verbs (for example, cantar, correr, vivir) in simple constructions. When writing, they apply punctuation and capitalisation rules. They translate short texts, using word lists and dictionaries and create simple bilingual texts. They use simple phrases and expressions that reflect cultural practices, for example, diminutives such as Sarita, gatico.
Students differentiate between statements, commands, exclamations and questions according to intonation. They identify similarities and differences between some Spanish and English texts, recognising that familiar texts have characteristic features. They give examples of how language use varies according to the age, gender and relationship of participants, and of ways that languages change over time. They.name some of the many languages that are spoken in Australia, and identify languages represented in the class and local community. They identify ways in which the cultures of Spanish speakers influence everyday interactions, involving greetings such as hugging or kissing on both cheeks and polite expressions such as ¿Me pasa el ipad por favor?
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Spanish for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions and to exchange views and experiences with peers and others in a range of contexts. They use rehearsed and spontaneous language to give and follow instructions and engage in discussions, such as expressing or rejecting points of view (for example, ¿Estás de acuerdo?, verdadero...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Spanish for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions and to exchange views and experiences with peers and others in a range of contexts. They use rehearsed and spontaneous language to give and follow instructions and engage in discussions, such as expressing or rejecting points of view (for example, ¿Estás de acuerdo?, verdadero/falso, ¿qué te parece?, ¿cuándo?, ¿cómo?, ¿por qué?). They apply appropriate pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Spanish to a range of sentence types (for example, ¿Nos vamos?, ¡Nos vamos!, Pasó por aquí/Paso por aquí), and use interrogative and imperative moods (for example, ¿Has comido? ¡Abre la puerta!). They locate, summarise and analyse information and ideas on topics of interest from a range of texts, and communicate information, different perspectives and their own opinions such as a mí me parece…, using different modes of presentation. They describe their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing opinions (for example, en mi opinión, personalmente yo prefiero, estoy de acuerdo), stating preferences (for example, después de pensarlo, yo…, prefiero más bien...es buena/mala idea), and comparing ways in which people, places and experiences are represented (for example, mejor que… peor que….más... menos). They draw on past experiences or future possibilities to create imaginative texts using regular (for example, caminar, beber, vivir) and irregular verbs (for example, estar, tener, ir) in a range of tenses including present (vivo), present perfect (he vivido), preterite (viví), imperfect (vivía) and future (viviré). They use descriptive vocabulary, such as numbers, adjectives (for example, generoso, simpático, listo, amistoso, azul, rosa, café) and adverbs (for example, generalmente, raramente, nunca), to extend and elaborate their texts. They use cohesive devices such as y, o, porque, cuando, por eso, pero, puesto que, debido a, y, pues, para and prepositions such as antes del atardecer, dentro de la casa in own language production to create cohesion. Students translate texts on familiar topics and produce texts in Spanish and English, comparing their different versions and considering possible explanations for variations. When participating in intercultural experiences they identify similarities and differences in language use and cultural expression. They identify significant people, places, events and influences in their lives and explain why these are important to their own sense of identity.
Students know that in Spanish there are words that are spelled and pronounced the same but that have different meanings, such as pila (pile or battery), and that a word often takes on a different meaning when an accent is added, for example, papá (‘father’) and papa (‘potato’), and the definite article el and pronoun él (‘he’ or ‘him’). They use metalanguage to explain features of language, texts and grammar and to identify how text structures and language features vary between different types of texts. Students explain how elements of communication such as gestures, facial expressions or the use of silence vary according to context, situation and relationships. They identify how Spanish both influences and is influenced by other languages and is spoken in a variety of forms in communities around the world. They explain why meanings and reactions vary according to the cultural assumptions that people bring to intercultural experiences and interactions.
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By the end of Year 8, students use Greek to describe feelings (for example, Αγαπώ τη μουσική), express likes and dislikes (for example, Δε μου αρέσει η σοκολάτα) and exchange information about their personal worlds, including information about themselves (for example, Mε λένε Γιώργο, Mένω στην Αυστραλία), their family (for example, O πατέρας μου είναι ψηλός), friends (for example, Ο Γιάννης
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By the end of Year 8, students use Greek to describe feelings (for example, Αγαπώ τη μουσική), express likes and dislikes (for example, Δε μου αρέσει η σοκολάτα) and exchange information about their personal worlds, including information about themselves (for example, Mε λένε Γιώργο, Mένω στην Αυστραλία), their family (for example, O πατέρας μου είναι ψηλός), friends (for example, Ο Γιάννης είναι φίλος μου) and interests such as, Μου αρέσει η μπάλα. They interact with others in collaborative and classroom activities, using modelled language to carry out transactions (for example, Τι ώρα θα πάμε κυρία; Πόσο κάνουν οι καφέδες;), ask and respond to familiar questions such as, Το τρένο φεύγει στις δέκα; follow instructions, and seek help or permission (for example, Μπορώ να πάω σινεμά; Η τράπεζα είναι στο δεύτερο δρόμο δεξιά, Συγγνώμη κύριε αλλά δεν καταλαβαίνω). When interacting, students pronounce Greek sounds, and use intonation and accentuation such as, Το σχολείο, ο φίλος, οι φίλοι, Η Ελένη αγόρασε καινούρια μπλούζα. They obtain information and identify key points from different sources, using non-verbal and contextual clues to help make meaning. Students describe characters, events and ideas in imaginative texts using high-frequency vocabulary and create short informative and imaginative texts using modelled sentence structures and formulaic expressions (for example, Γεια σου μαμά / Καλημέρα κυρία Σοφία, Πώς είστε; χαιρετισμούς, Με αγάπη). They use the present tense (for example, Μένω στην Αυστραλία), common verbs (for example, γράφω, διαβάζω, θέλω, είμαι, έχω) and other grammatical structures such as verb endings (for example, ω, εις, ει, ουμε, ετε, ουν) and singular and plural forms (for example, ο, οι, η, οι, το, τα) to create simple sentences and phrases such as, Τί κάνεις σήμερα; They translate and interpret texts using contextual clues and textual features and create simple bilingual texts for classroom use. When interacting, students modify their language and behaviour and recognise that aspects of their own language and culture impact on intercultural exchange (for example, Το Πάσχα βάφουμε κόκκινα αυγά).
Students identify the similarities and differences between the sound systems of Greek and English (for example, γγ, μπρ, τσ, γκ, ντρ, ντ, γ, ζ, υ, ξ, ψ, χ, μυθολογία, ιστορία, οξυγόνο, χιλιόμετρο). They describe the key features of common types of texts, comparing them with equivalent text types in English. They give examples of how language varies according to participants, roles and relationships, and context and culture (for example, η μαμά, η μητέρα). They identify ways that Greek language and culture have influenced and continue to influence many global languages. They analyse words and expressions to identify and explain connections between language and culture such as, Στην υγεία σου/σας, Με γεια, Γεια στα χέρια σου/σας.
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate and sustain interactions with peers by sharing opinions and experiences and comparing aspects of teenage life (for example, Πού θα πας διακοπές; Θέλω να γίνω πιλότος γιατί ...). They interact with others to make decisions and plan events. They ask and respond to questions, clarify understanding and express agreement or disagreement in structured...
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate and sustain interactions with peers by sharing opinions and experiences and comparing aspects of teenage life (for example, Πού θα πας διακοπές; Θέλω να γίνω πιλότος γιατί ...). They interact with others to make decisions and plan events. They ask and respond to questions, clarify understanding and express agreement or disagreement in structured discussions and tasks, and spoken and written transactions (for example, Πάμε στο σινεμά αύριο; Συμφωνείς; Θέλω/Δε θέλω). When interacting, they use appropriate pronunciation, rhythm and stress (for example, σ’ αυτόν, κοντά στην πόλη, Πάω στο ταχυδρομείο, Πάμε στη λαϊκή αύριο;). Students locate and analyse information and perspectives from a range of texts and communicate information and ideas using different modes of presentation selected to suit audience and purpose (for example, Μου αρέσει αυτό το έργο γιατί ..., είναι ωραίο, πιστεύω, νομίζω, διαφωνώ). They share their responses to imaginative texts by expressing personal preferences, feelings and opinions about themes, mood and language choices (for example, Η μόδα είναι μονότονη, Αγόρασα καινούριο κινητό). They use different techniques to produce imaginative texts for different audiences. They use a range of grammatical structures and elements to describe, situate and link people, objects and events, and apply their knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures such as Είναι καλό, πολύ καλό, πάρα πολύ καλό, to extend meaning. They translate, interpret and create texts in Greek and English for the wider community (for example, Απαγορεύεται, Περαστικά). When interacting, students share responsibility for making meaning. They give examples on how their identity influences their intercultural exchanges.
Students identify and reproduce regularities and irregularities of sound–letter relationships and combinations such as, αυ, ευ, ββ, λλ, ρρ, ττ, ιου, ιο/ιό (for example, τετράδιο-χωριό), ειο/ειου, αϊ, άι, -ασμα, (for example, διάβασμα). They analyse a range of text types in various modes to explain the relationship between context, purpose and audience and to identify structural, linguistic and culturally specific features. They compare Greek language and culture in various linguistic and cultural settings in Australia and overseas, and give reasons for variations that exist. They identify ways that Greek language has changed over time and propose reasons why it continues to change. They explain how cultural assumptions, attitudes and beliefs can affect interactions and appreciate the importance of mutual understanding to effective communication.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Greek to initiate, sustain and extend formal and informal interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings such as, Τι θα κάνεις μετά το σχολείο; They use language spontaneously to respond to others, seek and give advice (for example, Δεν ξέρω τι να κάνω), contribute ideas and opinions, describe relationships, discuss...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Greek to initiate, sustain and extend formal and informal interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings such as, Τι θα κάνεις μετά το σχολείο; They use language spontaneously to respond to others, seek and give advice (for example, Δεν ξέρω τι να κάνω), contribute ideas and opinions, describe relationships, discuss aspirations (for example, Θέλω να κάνω ένα ταξίδι), compare experiences and express opinions on issues of interest such as, Πώς θα προστατέψουμε το δάσος; They interact with others to take action, make decisions, negotiate, plan and organise events and complete transactions. They sustain and extend conversations by elaborating on opinions and ideas, expanding questions, and seeking and discussing responses and opinions. They apply appropriate pronunciation, rhythm and stress in spoken Greek in their interactions. They analyse and evaluate ideas and information obtained from multiple spoken and written sources on a range of issues such as, Η τεχνολογία σήμερα, Πού μιλάνε τα ελληνικά; They present information using different text types and modes of presentation to suit different audiences and to achieve different purposes (for example, blog για το σχολικό περιοδικό για τη μόδα, μιά μουσική εκδήλωση). They share their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing and justifying opinions on language use, themes, moods and emotions. They manipulate language and use different techniques to produce imaginative texts for different audiences. When creating texts, they use a variety of grammatical elements, such as passive and active voice (for example, Καθόμουν, Θα καθίσω, Έλα κάθισε), negation (for example, Ούτε τώρα, ούτε ποτέ), word order and time clauses (for example, Μιλούσε στο τηλέφωνο όταν τον είδα), to shape meaning (for example, Όταν έρθεις σπίτι μου, θα πάμε να φάμε έξω). They accurately apply rules of punctuation and spelling to their own written constructions. Students translate and analyse a range of texts, compare interpretations and explain differences. They create a range of bilingual texts that convey intended meaning for a variety of purposes and audiences. They explain the relationship between language, culture and identity, question assumptions and modify language and behaviours in intercultural interactions as appropriate.
Students analyse a range of texts to identify cultural elements and perspectives and to explain the interrelationship between linguistic elements, context, purpose, audience and structure. They give examples of how language use varies according to cultural contexts, explaining why Greek interactions differ from those in English or other languages. They explain why Greek, like other languages, is fluid and dynamic as well as solid and influential. They explain ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other.
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Greek to initiate and sustain classroom interactions, (for example, Πότε θα πάμε σινεμά;) to carry out transactions (for example, Πώς πέρασες τις διακοπές σου;) and to exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings about people, (for example, Ο μπαμπάς μου είναι καλός μάγειρας), objects, places and events such as, Τι ώρα θα πάμε...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Greek to initiate and sustain classroom interactions, (for example, Πότε θα πάμε σινεμά;) to carry out transactions (for example, Πώς πέρασες τις διακοπές σου;) and to exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings about people, (for example, Ο μπαμπάς μου είναι καλός μάγειρας), objects, places and events such as, Τι ώρα θα πάμε στη συναυλία αύριο; They ask and respond to open-ended questions (for example, Πού θα ήθελες να ταξιδέψεις στο μέλλον;) and use rehearsed and spontaneous language to engage in discussions, negotiate, make decisions and arrangements, and offer opinions such as, Θέλω να πάω στην Ελλάδα κάποια μέρα. They apply appropriate pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Greek to a range of sentence types, including the use of the accent mark for both intonation and meaning. They locate and interpret information and ideas on topics of interest, such as, Πώς διασκεδάζουν στην Ελλάδα; from a range of texts and communicate information, views and ideas using different modes of presentation. They share their response to different imaginative texts by expressing thoughts and opinions and describing ways in which ideas, characters, places and events are represented. Students create imaginative texts about people, places and experiences to entertain others (for example, Μία αξέχαστη εκδρομή, Όταν ξέχασα να ...). They use grammatical features, such as regular verbs, irregular verbs, adverbs, adjectives (for example, έμεινα, έπαιζα, θα μείνω, είπε, να μπορέσω, γρήγορα, πιο γρήγορα, γρηγορότερα, πολύ), pronouns (for example, αυτός, κάτι) and conjunctions (for example, που, πως, ότι, επειδή, δηλαδή, αλλά, γιατί) to construct compound and complex sentences and link ideas and sentences. They apply rules of punctuation and spelling to their own written constructions. They translate and interpret texts, identifying and explaining words with particular cultural significance in Greek, and create bilingual texts for the school and wider community, providing subtitles, captions or commentaries to help meaning. They explain why communication with others involves shared responsibility for making meaning, and identify the choices and adjustments they make when participating in intercultural interactions.
Students identify and reproduce irregularities of some sound–letter relationships and combinations. They analyse the structure and linguistic features of different text types to identify their relationship with audience and purpose. They analyse language use in different contexts, including formal and informal (for example, Συγγνώμη, Με συγχωρείτε), explaining the impact of purpose, audience and social setting. They explain the dynamic nature of the Greek language from ancient to modern times, and suggest reasons for change. They give examples of ways that language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives such as, Έχει φιλότιμο, Καλύτερα να σου βγει το μάτι παρά το όνομα, and how what is considered normal in communication varies across cultures.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share simple information about aspects of their lives, such as school (for example, Mαθαίνω ελληνικά), home (for example, Το σπίτι μου είναι μεγάλο) and everyday routines (for example, Παίζω μπάλα). They use formulaic expressions when participating in classroom routines, collaborative activities and simple transactional...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share simple information about aspects of their lives, such as school (for example, Mαθαίνω ελληνικά), home (for example, Το σπίτι μου είναι μεγάλο) and everyday routines (for example, Παίζω μπάλα). They use formulaic expressions when participating in classroom routines, collaborative activities and simple transactional exchanges, such as praising and encouraging others (for example, Μπράβο σου), asking for help, seeking clarification (for example, Συγγνώμη, κυρία), and requesting permission (for example, Μπορώ να πάω έξω;). They use features of Greek pronunciation when asking questions such as, Πού είναι; , and making statements and exclamations (for example, Ελάτε τώρα!), including use of the accent mark. Students locate information from spoken and written texts related to everyday contexts and routines such as, Να το βιβλίο μου, Τη Δευτέρα παίζω τένις, and use simple statements and support materials to present information about themselves (for example, Αγαπώ τη μουσική, Είμαι οχτώ χρονών), others (for example, Πόσων χρονών είσαι;), home (for example, Μένω στο ...) and school (for example, Να η τάξη μου). They respond to imaginative texts by discussing favourite elements, acting out events and making simple statements about characters. They perform and create short imaginative texts, using formulaic expressions and modelled language (for example, Πού είναι ο Φρίξος; Είναι …). Students use vocabulary related to school, home and everyday routines such as, η πόρτα, το σπίτι, το σχολείο, τα χόμπυ μου, η οικογένειά μου, and describe people, objects or events using adjectives and adverbs. They use appropriate word order, gender, and singular and plural forms in simple spοken and written texts (for example, Να η γάτα, Να ο γάτος, Να οι γάτες). They translate and interpret common words and frequently used language relating to familiar environments (for example, Oρίστε Μαρία, Παρακαλώ), and create simple bilingual resources for the classroom. They identify ways that their own language and the Greek language reflect ways of behaving as well as words.
Students write letters of the Greek alphabet, and identify sound–letter relationships, letter clusters, vowel–consonant combinations and the most common digraphs (for example, ου, αι, οι, ει, μπ, ντ). They identify the structure and linguistic features of texts used in familiar contexts, such as stories, songs, recipes and conversations (for example, Τέλος, Καλημέρα, Τι κάνεις;). They give examples of how language use varies according to the context and purpose of the exchange (for example, Γεια σου / σας). They identify ways that languages change over time, and how languages influence each other, providing examples of words in English that are borrowed from Greek and words in Greek that are borrowed from other languages. They compare Greek and English, identifying similarities and differences, particularly in vocabulary, behaviours and expressions related to cultural practices, such as special occasions.
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Greek to exchange personal information such as, Οι δάσκαλοί μου είναι ..., Έχω πολλούς φίλους, Αγαπώ τη μουσική, describe feelings and express preferences, for example, Μου αρέσει να παίζω σκάκι στο κομπιούτερ. When participating in collaborative activities, transactions and classroom routines, they ask and respond to questions (for example,
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Greek to exchange personal information such as, Οι δάσκαλοί μου είναι ..., Έχω πολλούς φίλους, Αγαπώ τη μουσική, describe feelings and express preferences, for example, Μου αρέσει να παίζω σκάκι στο κομπιούτερ. When participating in collaborative activities, transactions and classroom routines, they ask and respond to questions (for example, Πώς σε λένε;), plan collaboratively, and make suggestions and statements such as, Τώρα το βρήκα! When interacting, students use key features of pronunciation and intonation, including accents (for example, η οικογένειά μου, η and ή). They obtain and compare information from a variety of texts related to aspects of daily life and events (for example, Τι καιρό θα κάνει σήμερα;). They present information about their personal world in different formats (for example, Μου αρέσει ο τραγουδιστής ...). They respond to the storyline and characters encountered in texts and create and perform simple imaginative texts using familiar language such as, Ο αγαπημένος μου δάσκαλος ... . They use verbs (for example, Έχω, θέλω, είμαι, ήταν, θα είναι), nouns (for example, ο άνθρωπος, η μητέρα, το παιδί), adjectives (for example, καλός, μεγάλος, ωραία) and conjunctions to construct and expand sentences and apply basic rules of spelling and punctuation, such as question marks, capital letters, commas, exclamation marks and speech marks. They translate and interpret simple texts, identifying words that are not easily translated (for example, το φιλότιμο) and create bilingual texts for the classroom and school community. They compare ways of communicating in Greek and English to identify similarities and differences and suggest how culture influences language use.
Students identify and reproduce orally and in writing letter clusters, and the digraphs/diphthongs. They identify the relationship between language choices, and the audience and purpose of different text types. They describe the importance of register in different contexts and situations (for example, Έλα / Ελάτε σπίτι μου, Σε / σας περιμένω). They identify the impact of Greek on other languages, especially English (for example, το κινητό, ο υπολογιστής), and appreciate the dynamic nature of Greek, identifying changes that have occurred due to new technologies and knowledge. They describe ways that identity and communication are directly related to language and culture, for example, greeting familiar people by kissing them on both cheeks.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with peers, teachers and other Korean speakers in face-to-face, local and virtual communications. They exchange information and opinions about personal and immediate interests and experiences and about broader topics of interest to young people such as environmental issues, globalisation or technology. They approximate...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with peers, teachers and other Korean speakers in face-to-face, local and virtual communications. They exchange information and opinions about personal and immediate interests and experiences and about broader topics of interest to young people such as environmental issues, globalisation or technology. They approximate pronunciation of polysyllabic words, making mostly appropriate changes in sounds on syllable boundaries (for example, pronouncing such words as 한국어, 같이, 감사합니다, 먹고 and 어떻게 as 항구거, 가치, 감사함니다, 먹꼬 and 어떠케).They write Hangeul following writing conventions. Students initiate conversations (for example, 지금 뭐 해요? 어디 가요?), and sustain interactions by asking and responding to each other and building on each other’s responses (for example, 주말에 시간 있어요? 네, 토요일 오후에 시간 있어요. 토요일 아침에 뭐 해요? 아홉 시부터 열 두 시까지 운동해요, …). They use appropriate facial expressions and gestures. They express understanding (for example, 알겠어요; 모르겠어요), request clarification (for example, 무슨 뜻이에요? 다시 설명해 주세요), ask for opinions (for example, 어떻게 생각해요?) and provide their own opinions using reflective language as set phrases (for example, 글쎄요, 아마 ..., 제 생각에는 …, …–(으)ㄴ/는 것 같아요). They ask for and make suggestions (for example, 무엇을 할까요? 해 보세요). Students analyse and extract information from different print, digital and multimodal sources, drawing on the context to help comprehension and using their knowledge of vocabulary, grammatical forms and structures relating to time, location, cases, honorifics, basic sentence types and text formats. They create and present informative and imaginative texts in different formats and in different modes, expressing experiences and views for different purposes and audiences. They use a range of particles for various functions and modify a noun using an adjectival form of a descriptive verb suffixed by –(으)ㄴ (for example, 예쁜 꽃). They use some irregular verbs (such as 들어요, 추워요) and verb phrases in complex structures as set phrases to express provision (for example,읽어 주세요), prohibition (for example, 쓰지 마세요), trial (for example, 입어 보세요) and ideas or events relating to the future (for example, 갈 거예요, 할까요?). They express two ideas or events in different relationships using conjuinctors such as –어/아서, –고, –(으)면 or –지만 as appropriate to connect clauses. Students make comparisons using –보다 더 … (for example, 오늘이 어제보다 더 추워요) and express time duration using … 때/동안 (for example, 방학 때, 일 년 동안). They express the relative frequency of events using adverbs such as 가끔, 보통, 자주, 언제나 and the relative locations of objects/people using location words (such as 앞, 뒤, 위, 아래, 옆) in a formula: a noun + a location word + 에 (for example, 식탁 위에). They refer to self using either 나 or 저 appropriately according to the context. They use some basic conjunctive adverbs such as 그래서, 그런데, 그렇지만 and 하지만 to establish cohesion in texts. Students translate and create simple bilingual texts across Korean and English, comparing different versions, identifying reasons for different interpretations and ways to retain and convey original meanings in translated texts. They recount their reactions to intercultural experiences and exemplify how their personal experiences and assumptions influence their language use and perspectives.
Students explain how language use is adjusted to different purposes and audiences in different contexts and situations by providing examples from differing spoken and written forms of Korean. They compare situations where it is or is not appropriate to use 반말 and other features of language such as text messaging or colloquial forms of expression in Korean, English or other known languages. They describe how languages change over time and through contact with other languages and cultures by identifying possible examples of such change in Korean and other languages. They relate grammatical elements in Korean such as case markers, particles, suffixes, and verb endings to their grammatical functions by explaining them using metalanguage (case, politeness, honorification, 반말, 높임말, native Korean/Sino-Korean). Students explain how cultural values and ideas are embedded in language use, including their own, and identify how language reflects ways of thinking, views of the world and everyday cultural routines, drawing on examples from Korean, English and other languages.
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By the end of Year 8, students use Korean to interact with each other and teachers in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes, experiences, interests and information. They approximate different sounds and intonation patterns of Korean during spoken interaction, and construct and combine Hangeul syllable blocks appropriately to write words and sentences. They greet...
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By the end of Year 8, students use Korean to interact with each other and teachers in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes, experiences, interests and information. They approximate different sounds and intonation patterns of Korean during spoken interaction, and construct and combine Hangeul syllable blocks appropriately to write words and sentences. They greet each other using formulaic language (for example, 안녕하세요?; 만나서 반가워요; 안녕히 가세요/계세요) and exchange basic personal information. They ask and respond to simple questions using an –이에요/예요 or –어/아요 verb ending appropriately (for example, 13살이에요; 이것/저것이 뭐예요?; 뭐 (무엇을) 해요?; 수영해요). They maintain interaction by using formulaic expressions or set phrases to give simple feedback (for example, 알아요/ 몰라요, 네/아니요, 맞아요/틀려요) and to offer their own opinions (for example, 제 생각에는/으로는 ...이/가 맞아요). Students give and follow simple instructions such as 일어나세요, 앉으세요, ..., make simple arrangements (for example, 같이 가요, 언제 만나요?) and engage in transactions such as making and responding to polite requests (for example, 아이스크림 주세요). They negotiate wishes and express possibility or capability using set phrases (such as ...–고 싶어요, ...–(으)ㄹ 수 있어요). Students use familiar vocabulary to describe familiar objects, people, pets, routines and contexts (such as 책, 사과, 빨간색, 아버지, 어머니, 고양이, 월요일, 화요일, ..., 주말, 학교, 집) and appropriate grammatical elements such as basic case markers and particles, for example, –은/는, –이/가, –을/를, –에, –에서, –하고 and –(으)로 (as an instrumental case particle) in simple sentences. They describe present and past events (for example, 영화가 재미있어요; 영화가 재미있었어요) and express aspects of action or appearance in set phrases (such as ...–고 있어요, ... 같아요). They ask questions using a range of question words, and make negations by using 안/못 for common verbs and by replacing copula ...이에요/예요 with a set phrase ...이/가 아니예요. They describe quality or state (for example, 좋아요, 예뻐요, 재미있어요/재미없어요, 커요/작아요, 맛있어요/맛없어요) and action (for example, 가요, 먹어요, 좋아해요, 공부해요), and use a suffix –었/았– for past events (for example, 갔어요). Students refer to themselves using different forms of first person pronouns (for example, 저, 제, 나, 내, 우리) appropriately and refer to objects using pronouns 이것, 저것 or 그것 according to the context. They use some honorific words and suffixes as part of formulaic expressions (for example, 드세요, 선생님). They express numbers using pure Korean and Sino-Korean number systems, basic counters and Arabic numerals with appropriate pronunciation, in appropriate word order (for example, 사과 한 개, 학생 세 명, 12살, 8 학년). They create texts using modelled sentence structures, formulaic expressions and set phrases. They build text cohesion by using basic qualifying adverbs (such as 아주, 잘, 빨리, 같이), time adverbs (such as 어제, 오늘) and basic conjunctives (such as 그리고, 그러나) and by maintaining consistency in the use of polite verb endings and honorific elements. Students translate texts, predicting meanings by relying on knowledge of their first language, of textual features and of key words, including loan words from English. They create simple bilingual texts in different modes and formats, identifying culture-embedded language such as 우리 used in the context where it means ‘my’ in English (for example, 우리 집, 우리 선생님). They compare their experiences of learning and using Korean, identifying how the experience of learning Korean has broadened their intercultural perspectives and understanding of other cultures.
Students describe how Korean is used not only in Korea and in the Korean community in Australia but also in the global context. They explain how languages and cultures change through contact by giving examples of Korean words known and used in other languages, loan words in contemporary Korean borrowed from English, and words with similar meanings or pronunciation across languages such as Korean, Chinese, Japanese and some European languages. They demonstrate their understanding of the alphabetic nature of Hangeul by identifying consonant and vowel letters and explaining how to combine them to construct a syllable block and explain how Hangeul was created to correspond to the Korean sound system. Students explain basic features of Korean and English using metalanguage and applying their understanding of rules for writing Hangeul, for pronunciation, for grammar and for text organisation in Korean. They identify how politeness is expressed explicitly and systematically through grammar and vocabulary in Korean and describe how the level of politeness in speech style is determined by the age and social relationships of participants in interactions in Korean. They describe how the spoken and written forms of a language change over time for example, by differentiating between older and modern versions of Hangeul script. They demonstrate their understanding of the close relationship between language and culture by describing how Korean language reflects ways of thinking and behaving associated with Korean people and their lifestyles. They adjust their language use to suit situations and contexts and use non-verbal elements in culturally appropriate ways when using Korean.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Korean to communicate with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use Korean to access and exchange information on a broad range of social, cultural and environmental issues of interest to young people. They initiate, sustain and extend spoken and written exchanges in interactions and transactions...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Korean to communicate with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use Korean to access and exchange information on a broad range of social, cultural and environmental issues of interest to young people. They initiate, sustain and extend spoken and written exchanges in interactions and transactions by asking and responding to open-ended questions, eliciting opinions (for example, 어떻게 생각해요?; 어디에서 …–(으)면 좋을까요?), requesting elaboration (for example, 왜 …을/를 좋아해요?; 어떻게 그렇게 되었어요?) and providing their own opinions (for example, 저는 민수가 맞다고 생각해요; 저는 4번이라고 생각했어요) and information when requested. They use non-verbal communication strategies such as facial expressions, gestures, pausing or pitching, and give verbal feedback expressing empathy, down-toning, acknowledging or expressing indirect disagreement using reflective language (such as 그렇지요?; 좋았겠어요; 아마; 글쎄요; 아, 그렇군요; 아닌 것 같은데요; 정말 그럴까요?). They make suggestions in relation to topics of conversation (for example, 여러분도 한번 한국에 가 보세요) and consider options, using a range of suffixes and complex/idiomatic structures indicating the future in verb phrases (such as –겠–, –(으)ㄹ래요, –(으)ㄹ 계획이에요, –(으)ㄹ 거예요, –(으)면 좋을까요?). They make decisions comparing options using ...보다 더 ... and providing reasons for decisions (for example, 기차가 버스보다 더 편리하니까 기차로 가요). Students locate and evaluate information from a range of sources, and analyse, interpret and integrate information from diverse perspectives. They create informative and imaginative texts, using a range of case markers, including honorific forms, particles and verb phrases in complex structures (such as –지 않다/못하다, –(으)ㄹ 뻔하다, –(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ것 같다, –러 가다), and describing two related ideas or events in different relationships by connecting two clauses in a sentence (for example, 비가 올 것 같으니까 우산을 가져 가세요; 저기에서 노래하는 사람이 누구예요?). They use a range of abstract words, selecting vocabulary suitable for the target audience, purpose and context. They maintain the cohesiveness of the text by keeping consistency in terms of speech level and style and honorific elements, and by using cohesive devices such as conjunctors (such as –(으)니까, –다가, –(으)ㄴ/는데, –(으)면서), conjunctive adverbs (such as 하지만, 그러므로, 그러니까) and ellipsis. Students translate and create bilingual texts across Korean and English, providing and comparing alternative versions, identifying ways to interpret and convey embedded meanings in culture-specific terms or expressions that are language-specific. They compare their intercultural experiences, referencing their current and past senses of identity, views and attitudes in relation to their ways of using language.
Students describe how spoken and written Korean vary and are modified according to contexts, audiences and purposes. They exemplify such adjustments (for example, changes to pitch or speed of speech, use of contractions or 반말, choice of vocabulary, and level of politeness and formality), explaining possible reasons for particular adjustments. They describe how languages change and borrow from, build on and blend with each other, giving examples in relation to Korean and languages such as English, Chinese and Japanese that share social, cultural and historical relationships. They explain how language influences ways of thinking, views of the world and human relationships. Students use metalanguage to explain aspects of the Korean language such as tense, suffix, honorification, adverb, modification, speech level (for example, 반말, 높임말), and politeness. They assess their own language use and cultural practices from multicultural perspectives and the meaning and impact of multiculturalism from various perspectives.
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By the end of Year 6, students engage in classroom interactions to carry out collaborative tasks, to exchange information and to express feelings and ideas related to specific contexts, personal interests and daily routines at home and school. They ask and answer questions with appropriate intonation and gestures, changing sounds on syllable boundaries in a word as appropriate (for example...
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By the end of Year 6, students engage in classroom interactions to carry out collaborative tasks, to exchange information and to express feelings and ideas related to specific contexts, personal interests and daily routines at home and school. They ask and answer questions with appropriate intonation and gestures, changing sounds on syllable boundaries in a word as appropriate (for example, pronouncing words such as 한국어, 같이 and 감사합니다 as 항구거, 가치 and 감사함니다). They use simple structures for a range of functions, including making simple arrangements and conducting simple transactions (for example, 아이스크림 한 개 주세요. 얼마예요? 오천 원이에요), and some complex structures such as –도 되다 and –(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다 as set phrases to ask for permission (for example, 화장실에 가도 돼요?) and to offer their own opinions (for example, 저는 …이/가 맞는/틀린 것 같아요). They use particles such as –(으)로, –하고 and –에서 as part of a set phrase (a noun/pronoun + particle) to indicate instrument (with/in …, for example, 연필로 쓰세요, 한국어로 뭐예요?), accompaniment (together with …, for example, 친구하고 쇼핑했어요) and location (at/in …, for example, 학교에서 공부해요). They describe two events occurring in sequence, such as daily routines, using two sentences with a 그리고 at the beginning of the second sentence or the –고 coordination (for example, 밥을 먹어요. 그리고 운동해요;밥을 먹고 운동해요), and past experiences using a suffix –었/았– (for example, 캔버라에 살았어요). They negate statements (for example, 안 가요, 못 먹었어요) and construct questions about reasons, prices and opinions/feelings, using set phrases such as 왜요? 얼마예요? and 어때요?/어땠어요? (for example, 영화가 어땠어요?). They use descriptive language (such as 예뻐요, 멋있어요) and manner and time adverbs (such as 빨리, 천천히, 어제, 오늘, 내일). Students describe amounts of familiar items, including currency and time, using number words from either the pure Korean or the Sino-Korean number system in their appropriate forms, with a range of counters (such as 장, 잔, 권, 그루, 송이, 원, and 시) and in appropriate word order (for example, 책 세 권). They pronounce Arabic numerals appropriately according to the accompanying counters (for example, 10살, 6학년). Students locate specific information in a range of familiar spoken, written and digital texts, identifying familiar vocabulary and grammatical features to support understanding. They use simple and formulaic language with the support of structured models and scaffolding to create short texts with familiar structures and features, in various modes and formats. Students translate texts between Korean and English in familiar formats, and create their own simple bilingual texts, using known words and expressions. They provide extra information or explanations for words or expressions that have no equivalents in the other language or cannot be readily translated, such as 벼 versus ‘rice as a crop’, 쌀 versus ‘rice as raw grains’ and 밥 versus ‘cooked rice or meals’. They identify aspects of Korean language in which Korean culture is embedded, such as politeness embedded in –(으)세요.
Students differentiate between spoken and written forms of Korean by applying their understanding of rules that govern pronunciation and writing using Hangeul syllable blocks, and by associating spoken forms of known words with their written forms. They change verb forms using suffixes such as –었/았– and –고 by applying their understanding of grammatical elements that affect different grammatical meanings and functions. They identify the topic/subject and the object in simple sentences and explain how word order in Korean is different to English using basic metalinguistic terms such as word order, subject, object and verb. Students identify distinctive features of familiar spoken and written texts in different genres, such as language used at the beginning or closing (for example, …에게/께; …(으)로부터/올림), and relate them to distinctive purposes, intended audiences and social contexts of texts. Students apply their understanding of the importance of context, age and social relationships in language use during interaction, and identify age as particularly important in determining the level of politeness and formality in using Korean (for example, 미안합니다 versus 미안해요 versus 미안해). Students provide examples of how spoken and written forms of language change over time, and explain how Hangeul was initially created and continues to change. They explain how languages borrow words with culture-specific meanings from each other and provide such examples from Korean words borrowed from English and other languages (for example, 피아노, 케밥) and Korean words used in Australia (for example, 비빔밥 (bibimbap), 아리랑 (arirang)). Students provide relevant comments on how language is used to influence people’s perceptions (such as in advertisements or campaigns), and identify their own ways of thinking about Korean associations such as brand names or names of cultural items. They compare gestures or body languages involved in communication using Korean and other languages and identify similarities and differences across cultures. They provide examples where direct translation is not possible, such as terms or expressions that reflect cultural practices (for example, 잘 먹겠습니다/잘 먹었습니다, 식은 죽 먹기), and determine whether their equivalents exist in their own language/s.
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with teachers, peers and others, and to exchange ideas, experiences and interests. They pronounce polysyllabic words that involve syllable-final consonants (받침) such as 먹고, 어떻게 and 축하합니다 as 먹꼬, 어떠케 and 추카함니다, applying relevant pronunciation rules with some accuracy. When interacting, they initiate conversations (...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with teachers, peers and others, and to exchange ideas, experiences and interests. They pronounce polysyllabic words that involve syllable-final consonants (받침) such as 먹고, 어떻게 and 축하합니다 as 먹꼬, 어떠케 and 추카함니다, applying relevant pronunciation rules with some accuracy. When interacting, they initiate conversations (for example, 지금 뭐 해요? 어디 가요?), and ask and respond to questions (for example, 왜 한국어를 배워요? 방학 때 뭐 할 거예요?). Students clarify answers or instructions (for example, 무슨 뜻이에요? 다시 말해 주세요) and ask for and give opinions (for example, 어떻게 생각해요?; 제 생각에는…; …인 것 같아요). They describe plans (for example, 한국에 갈 거예요) and ask for suggestions (for example, 무엇을 할까요?). They locate and evaluate factual information in texts and create informative and imaginative texts in a range of modes using multimodal or conventional formats. Students explain reasons for actions and show contrasts between feelings or facts, using conjunctive suffixes (clausal connectives) such as –어/아서 and –지만 (for example, 소라가 좋아서 한국어를 배웠어요; 모자가 예쁘지만 너무 작아요). They use humble/honorific words or honorific particles such as 진지, 드리다 and –께 appropriately, and use some basic onomatopoeic and mimetic words such as 똑똑 and 콜콜 to create expressive effects and engage the interest of the audience. Students use cohesive devices, for example, conjunctions (such as 그리고, 그래서, 그러나, 그런데, –고, –어/아서, –지만), adverbs of frequency (such as 가끔, 보통, 자주, 언제나), time (such as 벌써, 아직) and direction (such as 쭉, 곧장) and the agreement among honorific elements, at sentence level (for example, 할머니께 꽃을 드려요) and throughout the text by using the informal polite style ending –어/아요. They use a range of case markers and particles such as –의, – (으)로, 와/과, –부터 and –까지 (for example, 소라의 생일, 색연필로, 왼쪽으로, 불고기와 김치, 아침부터 저녁까지) and location nouns attached by –에 to indicate relative locations (for example, 책상 위에 …, 상자 안에 …). Students use some complex structures in verb phrases such as –어/아 주다, –고 있다, –(으)ㄹ 줄 알다, –(으)ㄹ 수 있다 and –어/아 보다 as set phrases. They form questions using a range of question words such as 언제, 어디, 어떻게, 어느 and 무슨, and modify nouns using an adjectival form of a descriptive verb suffixed by –(으)ㄴ (for example, 착한 사람). Students write loan words from English in Hangeul and compare their original pronunciation and how they are pronounced as loan words in Korean (for example, 테니스, 포크). They translate across languages, paraphrasing or annotating words or expressions where equivalence is not possible, such as 정들었어요, 세배 or ‘mufti day’. They recount their reactions to intercultural experiences, describing and reflecting on aspects that do or do not fit with their own sense of identity.
Students identify grammatical elements such as case markers, particles, suffixes and verb endings from simple Korean sentences, and compare how grammatical functions of nouns and verbs are determined in Korean and English sentences. They provide examples of the Korean honorific system that works at grammar and word levels (for example, 진지 드세요) and illustrate how politeness and respect are important aspects of Korean language and culture. Students differentiate between oral and written forms of words, and apply spelling conventions and spacing rules in their writing. Students explain how word order in Korean differs from English and use a metalanguage to identify common features such as nouns, verbs, cases and subject–object–verb/subject–verb–object constructions. Students identify and reproduce characteristic grammatical features in familiar texts. They vary their language use and make choices of linguistic features, such as the use of polite forms, according to the context. They provide examples showing that Korean is a language for local, international and virtual communication and that it continuously changes as society and culture change, impacted by globalisation and new technologies. Students explain how cultural values and ideas are embedded in language and communicative behaviours. They give examples from their own language/s and cultural behaviour/s which may be interpreted differently from other cultural perspectives and give such possible interpretations.
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By the end of Year 4, students use Korean to interact in classroom routines, action-related talk and play with teachers and peers. They exchange personal information relating to aspects such as age or interests, using simple questions and short statements as set phrases (for example, 몇 살이에요? 아홉 살이에요; ...이/가 좋아요? 네, 좋아요). They use formulaic language to express rapport with others (for example,
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By the end of Year 4, students use Korean to interact in classroom routines, action-related talk and play with teachers and peers. They exchange personal information relating to aspects such as age or interests, using simple questions and short statements as set phrases (for example, 몇 살이에요? 아홉 살이에요; ...이/가 좋아요? 네, 좋아요). They use formulaic language to express rapport with others (for example, 아, 그래요? 나도 좋아요). Students respond to instructions for familiar classroom routines and activities taking required actions (for example, 해 보세요, 들으세요, 읽으세요) and to simple questions (for example, 이게 뭐예요? 누구예요? 몇이에요? 오늘 뭐 해요?) with set phrases ending in –이에요/예요 or -어/아요 (for example, 책상이에요; 벤이에요; 구예요; 학교에 가요). They ask for repetition (for example, 다시 해 주세요) and for a turn to ask a question (for example, 질문 있어요) and negotiate requests using simple language (for example, … 있어요?; 네, 있어요/아니요, 없어요; 빌려 주세요; 여기 있어요). Students identify key words or topics from simple oral, visual and written texts, using cues such as context, graphics, familiar vocabulary and language features to support understanding. They present simple information in texts in different formats and create and perform their own texts with the support of modelled language and other resources. Students approximate the sounds, rhythms and intonations of spoken Korean and write familiar words in Hangeul with some accuracy. They create simple sentences in their speech and writing, using basic case markers (such as –은/는, –이/가, –을/를, –에) and a particle –도 as an inseparable part of a formulaic structure: a noun/pronoun + a case marker/particle (for example, 저는 …, 집에 …, 나도 …). They use common action verbs and descriptive verbs (such as 가다, 일어나다, 듣다, 좋다) as part of formulaic expressions ending in –어/아요 or its honorific form –(으)세요, varying intonation contours for statements, questions (with or without a question word), requests or commands. They ask simple questions about people, objects or numbers, using question words such as 누구/누가, 무엇/뭐 and 몇. They use contractions of demonstrative pronouns and –이 (for example, 이게, 저게 and 그게), as formulaic chunks, and vocabulary related to school (such as 학교, 책, 지우개), home (such as 집, 엄마, 아빠) and sports and leisure activities (such as 방학, 수영, 크리켓). They use vocabulary for major colours (such as 빨간색, 파란색, …) and number expressions, choosing between native Korean and Sino-Korean number systems up to 10 as appropriate, using counters to describe ages (for example, 아홉 살), school years (for example, 사 학년) and numbers of objects (for example, 한 개), animals (for example, 두 마리) or people (for example, 세 명). Students match known Korean words or expressions with their English equivalents and create simple bilingual texts of familiar objects with support. They understand that meaning may change through translation across languages and exemplify words that could be translated differently according to context (such as 집: house/home; … 있어요: I have …/there is (are) …). They identify different social networks they belong to such as clubs or language-speaking communities and compare their past and current intercultural capability with reference to the experience of learning Korean.
Students discriminate between meaningful sounds in Korean which are not distinguished in English or other languages such as /ㄱ/ versus /ㅋ/ versus /ㄲ/ or /ㅐ/ versus /ㅔ/, and associate the pronunciation of simple words with their script. Students differentiate statements from questions according to intonation. They identify simple consonant and vowel letters in Hangeul and combine them to construct a syllable block. They create short texts using syllable blocks combined together to form a word. They apply their understanding of Korean and English having different grammatical systems by using appropriate word order (subject-object-verb) and case–marked formulaic chuncks (for example, 저는, 사과를) in simple Korean sentences. They identify differences between Korean and English in some aspects of language use such as naming conventions or ways of addressing people. They apply their understanding of the importance of politeness in using Korean and select the appropriate form of language to acknowledge age and social relationships when greeting (for example, 안녕? versus 안녕하세요?; 안녕히 가세요/안녕히 계세요 versus 잘 가/잘 있어). They identify aspects of language use in both Korean and English that people from other cultures might or might not regard as appropriate, such as ways of greeting or (not) making eye contact during interactions.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate and sustain interactions with peers and adults. They use language spontaneously to exchange ideas, opinions and feelings, compare experiences and discuss future plans. They sustain interactions by asking and responding to questions, requesting clarification (for example, هل تعني....؟ ما قصدك؟), elaborating on opinions...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate and sustain interactions with peers and adults. They use language spontaneously to exchange ideas, opinions and feelings, compare experiences and discuss future plans. They sustain interactions by asking and responding to questions, requesting clarification (for example, هل تعني....؟ ما قصدك؟), elaborating on opinions, and expressing agreement or disagreement, for example, على أتفق؟ لا أتفق؛ أعترض. In classroom interactions, they share ideas and suggestions, negotiate options, solve problems and complete transactions. They apply pronunciation and intonation rules to convey emotions and enhance expression. They obtain information from multiple sources on a range of issues and analyse and evaluate meaning, gist and purpose. They convey ideas and viewpoints from a range of perspectives using different text types and modes of presentation selected to suit different audiences and to achieve different purposes. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing opinions on themes, events and values and explaining key ideas and messages. They manipulate language and use different techniques to produce imaginative texts in a range of forms that draw on past experiences or future possibilities, such as التلاعب بالألفاظ بواسطة إستخدام المفردات ذات المعاني المزدوجة؛ إستخدام عبارات مثل ليتني كنت...؛ فرحت فرحاً عظيماً؛ لو ربحت المسابقة. When creating texts, students use a variety of grammatical elements, such as conditional and subjunctive moods, embedded clauses and imperative forms (for example, لو سمح أبي لي ٍآتي معك ما نذهب إلى السينما يوم السبت ؛ قد أسافر في العطلة؛الكتاب المفضل لدي والذي أحبه كثيرا هو ... لنذهب إلى المعلم ونسأله؛ هيا حاول مرة ثانية؛ ممتاز! أحسنت؛ تكلم مع سامر ), future tense and vocative case to convey meaning. They use vocabulary and expressions that are culturally embedded, such as سوف أكتب رسالة إلى المدير أعبر فيها عن رأيي؛ يا سمير هل أشتريت الجيتار الذي رأيته في المحل؟ , and apply appropriate writing conventions to increase text cohesion and enhance expression. Students translate and interpret texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, comparing own interpretations with others’ and explaining reasons for differences in translations. Students create bilingual texts for the wider community, interpreting cultural and linguistic aspects of texts. They explain how cultural concepts, practices and values influence ways in which they communicate from a bilingual perspective, and question assumptions and describe adjustments they make when moving from Arabic to English and vice versa.
Students identify the meaning and emotions conveyed in spoken texts, such as .ها سمير ماذا قررت؟؛ لا لا ؛ لا أقصد هذا؛ كم مرة قلت لك .. , and apply their understanding of the Arabic writing system to enhance meaning and aesthetic effect in written texts. They analyse the relationship between language choices and textual features, and the audience, purpose and context of different spoken, written and multimodal texts. Students explain how spoken and written forms of Arabic vary according to context, purpose and audience, and identify ways in which the Arabic language influences and is influenced by cultural, political and social change. They explain the power of language in determining the nature of intercultural communication in local and global contexts.
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to exchange information about their personal worlds and to express feelings, likes and dislikes. They use formulaic language for a range of classroom functions and processes, such as asking and responding to questions, following instructions, requesting repetition and asking for permission and assistance, for example, متى أكملت...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to exchange information about their personal worlds and to express feelings, likes and dislikes. They use formulaic language for a range of classroom functions and processes, such as asking and responding to questions, following instructions, requesting repetition and asking for permission and assistance, for example, متى أكملت البحث؟؛ من ساعدك في إكمال الواجب المدرسي؟؛ هل يمكن أن تعيد السؤال؟؛ لو سمحت؛ ممكن أن أستخدم الهاتف؟؛ من فضلك ممكن أن تساعدني في حمل صندوق الكتب؟. Students use rehearsed and some spontaneous language to engage in planning, transacting, making arrangements and negotiating. They apply features of pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Arabic to a range of sentence types. They locate, classify and sequence key points of information from a range of sources and communicate information and ideas related to home, school, leisure and interests using different modes of presentation. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing feelings and ideas about the ways in which characters, settings and events are represented. Students use modelled language to create imaginative texts or alternative versions of texts they have listened to, read or viewed. They use key grammatical forms and structures in spoken and written texts, such as articles, nouns, adjectives, personal pronouns, verbs and verb tenses, conjunctions, adverbs (for example, ال التعريف البيت؛ المدرسة؛ الدراسة؛ العائلة؛ المواد الدراسية؛الهوايات كبير/كبيرة؛ طويل/طويلة؛ ممتع/ممتعة؛ مفيد/مفيدة؛ مدرستي كبيرة؛ عائلتي صغيرة؛ بيتي واسع؛ شارعنا ضيق؛, أنتَ؛ أنتِ؛ أنتم؛ هو؛ هي؛ هم؛ أذهب إلى المدرسة؛ نذهب إلى السينما؛ ذهبت إلى السينما؛ ذهبنا إلى زيارة الأقارب و؛ أو؛ كذلك؛ أيضاً؛ لأنّ يوميا؛ غالبا؛ أحيانا؛ بكيت بشدّة؛ تكلمت بحماسٍ؛ إستيقضت متأخراً؛ وصلت إلى المسرح باكراً ),They apply writing conventions to written texts, such as لا أستطيع أن أكمل البحث؛ لم أستطع أن أجيب على جميع أسئلة الإمتحان أين تتمرن لكرة القدم؟ متى تلعب الرياضة؟ ما هي مادتك المفضلة؟ كم شخص يوجد في عائلتك؟ إستخدام العنوان؛ الفقرات؛ الفواصل؛ أدوات الترقيم؛ التوقيع في خاتمة الرسالة. They use contextual cues and textual features to translate and interpret everyday texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, and identify similarities and differences in translation. They create texts in Arabic and English, identifying words and expressions that do not readily translate, such as بالهناء والشفاء؛ والله ولي التوفيق. They compare ways of communicating in Arabic and English and explain how their own biography influences their cultural identity and ways of communicating.
Students identify and apply the writing conventions of the Arabic alphabet and script, making connections between spoken and written Arabic in texts. They identify the structure and features of different personal, informative and imaginative texts and provide simple explanations as to how these elements contribute to meaning. They identify ways in which spoken Arabic varies according to regions and countries, and provide examples of how Arabic has changed over time due to influences from other languages and cultures. Students identify how written Arabic varies in style and in the use of formal and informal forms, for example, أنتَ/حضرتكَ/حضرتكم, according to context, situation and the relationship between participants. They identify ways in which language use reflects cultural ideas, thoughts and perceptions.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share personal information about aspects of their lives, such as experiences, everyday routines and leisure activities, for example, عمري تسع سنوات؛ أنا مولود في أستراليا؛ أتيت إلى أستراليا وأنا صغير في الصباح أستيقظ باكراً؛ أنام في الساعة...؛ بعد المدرسة... في المساء... أذهب مع عائلتي إلى المتحف؛ البحر؛ الحديقة العامة...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share personal information about aspects of their lives, such as experiences, everyday routines and leisure activities, for example, عمري تسع سنوات؛ أنا مولود في أستراليا؛ أتيت إلى أستراليا وأنا صغير في الصباح أستيقظ باكراً؛ أنام في الساعة...؛ بعد المدرسة... في المساء... أذهب مع عائلتي إلى المتحف؛ البحر؛ الحديقة العامة؛ السوق؛ ألعب الرياضة بعد المدرسة؛ أحب كرة القدم؛ آخذ دروساً في الباليه. They use formulaic expressions when interacting, such as giving and following instructions, asking for repetition, planning shared activities and completing simple transactions, for example, من فضلك أريد المساعدة؛ أن أذهب إلى الحمام؟؛ هل أستطيع أن؛ من فضلك هل يمكن أن تعيد الكلمة؟ الجملة؟ ؛ . They use features of Arabic pronunciation and intonation when speaking and reading aloud. Students locate and classify information relating to familiar contexts and present it in modelled spoken, written and visual texts. They describe characters, events and ideas and express opinions about favourite elements in imaginative texts, and use formulaic expressions, for example, في يوم من الأيام؛ كان هناك , and modelled language to create short imaginative texts. They use vocabulary related to school, home and everyday routines, for example, الدراسة؛ التعليم؛ فروضي؛ مواد المدرسة؛ غرفة النوم؛ غرفتي/ غرفة أخي؛ المطبخ؛ الطابق العلوي أستيقظ من النوم؛ أتناول الفطور؛ أستقل الباص؛ أكمل واجبات المدرسة؛ أشاهد التلفاز؛ أقرأ الكتاب. Students use key grammatical forms and structures in simple spοken and written texts, such as word order, singular and plural forms of regular nouns and adjectives, personal and possessive pronouns, for example, كتاب/كتب؛ غرفة/غرف؛ صف/ صفوف؛ صديق/أصدقاء,أنتَ/أنتِ؛ هو/هي/هم؛ كتابي/ كتبي؛ غرفتي/غرفة أخي؛ مدرستي؛ مدرستنا , and prepositions such as في البيت؛ إلى المدرسة؛ بين الملعب والسّاحة؛ أثناء الدرس؛ بعد العشاء؛ قبل النوم. Students translate familiar and frequently used language relating to familiar environments and create simple bilingual texts for the classroom and school community. They describe how language involves behaviours as well as words and share their own experience as background speakers as they interact with others.
Students identify and use Arabic sound and writing patterns, for example أ؛ ئـ؛ ء؛ ؤ؛ والياء؛الألف المقصورة ى , including combining letters to form words, vocalisation, and features of individual syllable blocks such as التنوين: إشترى أبي بيتاً؛رأيت كلباً؛ في بيتي غرفٌ . آكل؛ آمل؛ آسف؛ They identify the features and structure of different types of texts, for example, العنوان؛ الحبكة؛ النهاية القافية؛ فعل الأمر؛ الجمل؛ القصيرة أدوات الحوار؛ الأدوار في الحوار؛ . They identify similarities and differences between various Arabic dialects and explain how meaning can be influenced by gestures and tone. Students provide examples of how the Arabic language has changed over time and identify words and expressions in Arabic that have emerged from contact with other languages and vice versa. They compare language use and cultural practices in Arabic-speaking communities and in the wider Australian context, identifying culture-specific terms and expressions, particularly those related to special occasions, for example, كيفية الإحتفال في المناسبات؛ زيارة الأهل في الأعياد؛ الإحتفال بأعياد الميلاد
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Arabic to exchange personal information and describe people, places and ideas related to their personal experiences and social activities such as celebrations for example, أذهب مع عائلتي لزيارة جدي وجدتي في الأعياد؛ في العطلة الأسبوعية, sport (for example, أألعب رياضتي المفضلة مع أصدقائي بعد المدرسة في الحديقة العامة and other interests...
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Arabic to exchange personal information and describe people, places and ideas related to their personal experiences and social activities such as celebrations for example, أذهب مع عائلتي لزيارة جدي وجدتي في الأعياد؛ في العطلة الأسبوعية, sport (for example, أألعب رياضتي المفضلة مع أصدقائي بعد المدرسة في الحديقة العامة and other interests such as أشاهد أفلام الكارتون مع عائلتي في السينما؛ ألعب ألعاب إلكترونية. They make shared decisions, for example, أريد أن... , provide suggestions such as يمكن أن... , and complete transactions. When participating in classroom routines and activities, they follow shared rules and procedures, express opinions and ask for clarification, for example, حسنا؛ نعم ولكن؛ أعتقد أن...؛ ما معنى ... . Students use patterns of Arabic pronunciation and intonation when interacting. They locate, classify and organise information from a range of spoken, written and visual texts related to aspects of culture and lifestyle. They present ideas and information on topics of interest and aspects of culture in different formats for particular audiences. They respond to a range of imaginative texts by expressing opinions on key elements for example, من القصة نتعلم ال..., characters for example, أحب علاء الدين لأنه...؛ لا أحب الملك في الفيلم لأنه and actions for example, يجب على نيمو أن يسمع كلام أبيه, and making connections with own experience, for example أنا أيضا يجب أن...؛ أنا مثل... . They create and perform short imaginative texts based on a stimulus, concept or theme. They use a variety of tenses for example, الأفعال الماضية والمضارعة and apply verb conjugation for example,أكلتُ/أكلَ/أكلت, suffixes for example, أذهب/ يذهب/تذهب, basic conjunctions for example,و؛ أو and a range of adjectives for example, الصفة للمذكر والصفة للمؤنث للأشياء والأشخاص and adverbs for example, سريعاً؛ ليلاً؛ صباحاً؛ يوميًّا to construct sentences and to produce short texts. Students translate texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, identifying words that are not easily translated, such as أيفون؛ تلفاز؛ كومبيوتر , and create bilingual texts for their own learning and for the school community. They identify ways in which their own biography for example, السيرة الذاتية؛ الخبرات الخاصة, traditions for example, العادات العائلية والإجتماعية and beliefs for example, المعتقدات الخاصة impact on their identity and influence the ways in which they communicate in Arabic and English.
Students identify the role of vowels in softening and extending sounds and apply writing conventions to own constructions. They distinguish between the structure and features of different types of spoken and written Arabic texts and identify ways in which audience, context and purpose influence language choices and the form of Arabic used. They provide examples of how language use and ways of communicating vary according to the relationship between participants and the purpose of the exchange, for example, أنواع الجمل: الإسمية والفعلية؛ الترداد في بعض العبارات؛ طول الجمل والفواصل الشفهية فيها. They identify how languages influence one another, including the influence of indigenous languages of the Arabic-speaking world and regional languages such as Aramaic, Syriac, Phoenician, Persian, Kurdish and Turkish on Arabic, for example الأبجدية؛ المفردات المستعارة؛ أصل الكلمات. They give examples of how language use reflects particular value systems, attitudes and patterns of behaviour across cultures.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate, sustain and extend formal and informal interactions with the teacher, peers and others in a range of settings. They use language spontaneously to respond to others, seek and give advice for example, كيف أستطيع أن ...؛ أعتقد أ..., describe relationships for example, عندي أصدقاء كثر؛ علاقتي بعائلتي وطيدة؛ أحب معلمتي...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate, sustain and extend formal and informal interactions with the teacher, peers and others in a range of settings. They use language spontaneously to respond to others, seek and give advice for example, كيف أستطيع أن ...؛ أعتقد أ..., describe relationships for example, عندي أصدقاء كثر؛ علاقتي بعائلتي وطيدة؛ أحب معلمتي كثيرا لأنها حنونة, discuss aspirations for example, أريد أن أعمل في مكدونالدز في العطلة؛ أريد أن اصبح طبيبا؛ أحلم أن أكون رائد فضاء and future plans (for example, في المستقبل؛ أريد أن أسافر إلى أوروبا؛ عندما أكبر؛ أريد أن أدخل الجامعة, compare experiences for example, بيتي القديم كان أجمل من بيتي الحالي , and justify opinions for example, لأن...؛ بسبب... ) on social issues of interest to them. They listen to different views and perspectives when interacting with others, and take action, solve problems and contribute ideas, opinions and suggestions. They apply pronunciation rules and rhythm to complex sentences to enhance spoken interactions. They analyse, interpret and evaluate information on topical issues of interest to young people, making connections with their own experiences and considering various perspectives. They convey information and perspectives using different text types and modes of presentation to suit different contexts and audiences and to achieve different purposes. They share their response to different imaginative texts by analysing themes for example, الفكرة الأساسية في النص؛ هدف النص؛ الموضوع , techniques for example, الكناية والاستعارة والتشبيه and values, and identify ways in which aspects of language and culture create particular effects, such as المشاعر التي يؤججها النص. Students create imaginative texts for a range of audiences, contexts and purposes, to express ideas, attitudes and values through characters, events and settings. When creating texts, they use a variety of grammatical elements to enhance meaning, such as indirect object, passive and active voice, negation for example, ليس عندي وقت؛ لا يوجد وقت؛ لن أجد الوقت, verb tense and word order for example, الجملة الاسمية والجملة الفعلية؛ ظرف الزمان أو المكان في بداية الجملة, and time and place clauses such as في وقت من الأوقات؛ في المجتمع الأسترالي؛ في الشارع العام . Students translate and interpret texts from Arabic into English and vice versa and explain how cultural values, attitudes and perspectives are represented. They create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences. They explain the relationship between language, culture and identity, question perceptions, and modify language and behaviours in intercultural interactions as appropriate.
Students apply their understanding of complex pronunciation rules and writing conventions, such as stress patterns and rules of pause, to enhance meaning and aesthetic effect. They analyse a range of persuasive, argumentative and expository texts and explain the relationship between context, purpose, audience, linguistic features, and textual and cultural elements such as التحية والتوقيع في بداية الرسائل والتمني بالتوفيق والصحة. They explain how and why variations in Arabic language use relate to roles, relationships and contexts of interaction. Students analyse the ways in which languages change in response to changing environments. They explain how language use reflects thoughts and world views and is shaped by cultural experiences.
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate and sustain classroom interactions with others, to exchange views, for example, السباحة رياضة ممتعة؛ أعتقد أن السفر مفيد جدا , and express feelings such as أشعر بالفرح؛ بالسعادة عندما ألعب رياضت المفضلة؛ عندما أعزف الموسيقى . They use language conventions, such as الترقيم/الوقف والإملاء والقواعد ال التعريف؛ الفواصل...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate and sustain classroom interactions with others, to exchange views, for example, السباحة رياضة ممتعة؛ أعتقد أن السفر مفيد جدا , and express feelings such as أشعر بالفرح؛ بالسعادة عندما ألعب رياضت المفضلة؛ عندما أعزف الموسيقى . They use language conventions, such as الترقيم/الوقف والإملاء والقواعد ال التعريف؛ الفواصل والنقط في نهاية الجمل, vocabulary and sentence structures to apologise (for example, أنا آسف؛ أعتذر عن..., invite (for example, أدعوك لحفل عيد ميلادي...؛ أرجو أن تحضر ..., and offer praise, for example, رأيي أن ...؛ أعتقد أن... . They clarify meaning, explain actions and responses, and complete transactions by negotiating, making arrangements and solving problems, for example, ماذا لو أكملنا البحث مع؟؛ هل تريد أن أساعدك؟ , سوف أتصل بك بعد المدرسة؛ أراك غدا صباحا؛ سوف أرسل البحث بالإيميل . They apply pronunciation and rhythm patterns in spoken Arabic to a range of sentence types. They locate, interpret and compare information and ideas on topics of interest from a range of written, spoken and multimodal texts, and convey information and ideas in a range of formats selected to suit audience and purpose. They express opinions on the ways in which characters and events are represented in imaginative texts, and explain ideas, themes and messages, for example, في القصة؛ هيام أذكى من عبير ؛ في النص الأول... بينما في النص الثاني ... . Students create texts with imagined places, events, people and experiences in a range of forms to entertain different audiences. They use grammatical forms and features such as adjective–noun agreement for example, الشاب الوسيم/الشابة الجميلة, adverbial phrases to indicate time, place and manner for example, في الصباح الباكر؛ في منتصف الطريق, and irregular, plural, imperative and auxiliary verbs for example, كان وأخواتها ,فعل الأمر جمع التكسير, to elaborate their oral and written communication. They translate texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, and compare own translations with others’, explaining differences and possible reasons and alternatives. They make language choices that best reflect meaning to create bilingual texts, identifying and using words and expressions that carry specific cultural meaning. Students explain how and why they adjust their language use according to different cultural contexts, and how being a speaker of Arabic contributes to their own sense of identity.
Students apply their knowledge of writing conventions, such as punctuation, to convey specific meaning in a range of texts, for example, الفواصل وعلامات الإستفهام والاستنكار والتعجب والجمل المبطنة . They analyse the structure and linguistic features of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts and explain how these features are influenced by the context, audience and purpose. Students explain how and why changes to social settings affect verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. They explain the impact of social, cultural and intercultural changes such as globalisation and new technologies on the use of Arabic in different contexts. They explain how language choices they make reflect cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, for example, العبارات الشعبية؛ مصطلحات ذات دلائل دينية؛ العناوين الذكورية مثل رئيس للمذكر والمؤنث.
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