Content description
Elaborations
Analyse and understand the dynamic nature of the Italian language, and of languages in general
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exploring the influence of technological change on the Italian language, such as:
- the borrowing and adapting of technical terms, for example, cliccare, il mouse, la password, chattare
- observing the changes to language when used in abbreviated forms in multimedia communications, for example, 6 = sei, x = per, + = più, - = meno, TVTB = ti voglio tanto bene, ke = che
- understanding the influence of other cultures on Italian, for example, the use of borrowed words such as il make-up, il bebé, un tailleur, il wurstel, il krapfen
- recognising that Italian is used in diverse communities and that it changes in response to local cultural contexts
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse and understand the place of Italian locally and internationally, including the relationship between Standard Italian and regional dialects, and Italian in the ecology of languages in Australia
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understanding that differences exist between Standard Italian, regional varieties and dialects, for example, by noticing lexical differences and comparing gestures and accents
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recognising that Standard Italian is used in diverse communities throughout the world and that many speakers of Italian may also speak a regional and/or local dialect
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examining the presence of Italian in the Australian linguistic landscape, for example, through signage, the culture of coffee, food, art and music, and in newspapers, television and radio, and the interpreter service
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exploring the changing profile of languages in Australia by, for example, comparing maps of languages over time, developing a class language tree, examining the Australian Languages map, conducting a survey about languages spoken at home or in the community, or examining census data
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presenting connections between languages and dialects
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse and visualise data to create information and address complex problems, and model processes, entities and their relationships using structured data
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using visualisation software tools to identify patterns and relationships between sets of data and information, and support abstract reasoning, for example representing data using histograms, network diagrams and maps
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summarising data using advanced filtering and grouping techniques, for example pivot tables in spreadsheets and aggregation functions in databases
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automating calculations, for example using absolute cell referencing to automatically extend formulas, and automating arithmetic calculations using built-in functions such as trigonometry, compound interest
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simulating simple, iterative processes, for example modelling compound interest or ecological models using a spreadsheet
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documenting the attributes of complex objects and processes using a data dictionary
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interpreting schemas that represent relationships between entities and querying data across tables, for example using foreign keys to represent relationships and joining tables in structured query language (SQL) SELECT statements
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse and visualise data using a range of software to create information, and use structured data to model objects or events
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using features and functions of software to summarise data to create information, for example calculating a simple budget of income and payments and creating a summary table for analysis
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visualising data to create information, for example identify trends and outlier data from spreadsheets using plots, or displaying geocoded data on a map
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applying a set of conditions to a spreadsheet to organise and filter data, for example using conditional formatting to highlight the state of particular cells, and filtering and sorting categorical data using column filters
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querying an existing database to extract data for analysis, for example devising multiple selection criteria or using simple structured query language (SQL) SELECT statements to select records and retrieve specified fields
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describing the attributes of complex objects, for example defining the records, fields, formats and relationships of a simple dataset
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modelling the attributes of real-world objects for a computer game
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse a range of dance from contemporary and past times to explore differing viewpoints and enrich their dance making, starting with dance from Australia and including dance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and consider dance in international contexts
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investigating the influence of Australian dance artists, companies and practices, including Australians who identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and those of Asian heritage
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Considering viewpoints – histories: For example – What historical influences have impacted on this dance?
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considering how global trends in dance influence the development of dance in Australia
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Considering viewpoints – critical theories: For example – How are global trends in street dance influencing Australian dance? How effectively have ballet conventions been manipulated in this work to communicate meaning?
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identifying the impact of media and social and technological changes on dance practice, for example, interactions between kinaesthetic and visual aspects of dance in forms that incorporate digital components
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investigating the practices and traditions in dance and how people are influenced by their histories, societies, cultures and environments
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exploring dance from different viewpoints, for example, analysing philosophies and ideologies that inform dance making in various societies and cultures
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Considering viewpoints – philosophies and ideologies: For example – What political statement is this dance work making?
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identifying how research and new ideas might enhance their own creating and performing practices
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse a range of drama from contemporary and past times to explore differing viewpoints and enrich their drama making, starting with drama from Australia and including drama of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and consider drama in international contexts
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evaluating conventions from past forms and styles to consider incorporating into their own drama and contemporary practice
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identifying and describing the actor–audience relationship in different dramatic contexts, forms and styles
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linking conventions from different forms and styles with purposes, origins and contexts
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Considering viewpoints – evaluations: For example – How successful were the actors and director in conveying the playwright’s stated intent? How successfully have the design elements been incorporated into the drama?
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse a range of media artworks from contemporary and past times to explore differing viewpoints and enrich their media arts making, starting with Australian media artworks, including media artworks of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and international media artworks
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examining NITV (National Indigenous TV) news and sports programs to explore how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives create and challenge views in mainstream stories
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investigating the differences between government regulation and self-regulation, for example, researching Australia’s classification system and its relationship to audience, and explaining how it affects themselves and the production and reception of media artworks
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research viral marketing campaigns and examine the social and ethical implications that arise in relation to choice of different platforms as drivers of distribution
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Considering viewpoints – critical theories: For example – What are the social and ethical implications of a viral marketing campaign?
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explore the role of media makers in challenging prevailing views on issues of contemporary relevance, for example, social and cultural issues presented in Australian film and television
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identifying a variety of ways in which media can be produced, including through sole digital producers, cross-media organisations, public and private sector, and multinational organisations
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse a range of music from contemporary and past times to explore differing viewpoints and enrich their music making, starting with Australian music,including music of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and consider music in international contexts
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evaluating and comparing stylistic interpretations of a range of music to develop aesthetic awareness
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comparing and evaluating audience responses and performer roles across a broad range of formal, informal, virtual and interactive settings
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evaluating their own and others’ music, and applying feedback to refine and improve performances and compositions
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discussing the influence of music on the development of personal and cultural identity
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Considering viewpoints – critical theories: For example – How has the rise of technology changed the nature of music? How has technology impacted on audiences, the music industry and the way we consume music?
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse a range of visual artworks from contemporary and past times to explore differing viewpoints and enrich their visual art-making, starting with Australian artworks, including those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and consider international artworks
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analysing the role of visual arts as a means of challenging prevailing issues of traditional and contemporary relevance, for example, the availability of resources for future generations
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identifying how visual arts professionals embed their values and beliefs, and how audiences react and interpret the meaning and intent of their artworks differently
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Considering viewpoints – critical theories: For example – Do you agree with the artist’s point of view? Give reasons for your view.
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considering the responsibilities of visual arts practitioners when making commentaries about social, environmental and sustainability issues
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interrogating the cultural and societal roles and responsibilities of arts industries and recognising the power of the visual arts in advocating for, and being a catalyst for, change
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse, compare and present perspectives on topics of interest, identifying the different ways emotions, intentions and ideas are expressed
[Key concepts: celebrity, leisure and recreation, place, education, youth, space; Key processes: comparing, contrasting, negotiating, deciding, persuading]
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discussing differences in the way events are reported in different media sources, such as local and national Chinese TV news programs
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collating and analysing data on life in Chinese communities (such as positive and negative experiences of adjustment to life in Australia, impressions of Australian education system, and perspectives on the Australian national character) by interviewing Chinese speakers and utilising a range of graphic organisers to collate and compare ideas from diverse sources and perspectives
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presenting or supporting a personal position or view by reconstructing information from diverse sources, summarising key points, and using quotes or supporting information, acknowledging diverse perspectives and sources of information and the views of others by using reported speech, and using forms of presentation appropriate to the subject matter, for example, using charts or images to support text
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gathering information on an issue from different sources and reporting on it to others, using tools such as tables, graphic organisers and charts, and discussing whether the information is similar or different in different sources and why
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extracting details and main ideas from texts, making judgments about their relevance and discussing contrasting points of view, for example, selecting the main events from an article, identifying core data from interviews, identifying gist and main point/s of a spoken interaction, or analysing different interpretations of meaning in a conversation
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comparing different perspectives on the same event or on a topical issue such as intergenerational relationships, the environment, or food choices
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making presentations on aspects of cultural practices and lifestyles in Chinese communities, providing a balanced perspective and avoiding stereotyping, for example, 很多中国人…;据报道,百分之三十的人口…
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creating and displaying posters to raise peers’ awareness and help promote the messages of charity organisations conducting work in China
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sharing own interest in people, places and events in the Chinese world by reading about places and historical figures (such as 秦始皇, 毛泽东) and writing articles for the school newsletter to inform others, recommending further reading and websites (Chinese and English)
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise when and how to use object-focus construction
[Key concept: passive voice, transitivity; Key processes: analysing, manipulating]
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describing people and things using, for example:
- compound nouns (sayur-mayur, merah darah)
- acronyms (puskesmas) and abbreviations (SMU, hp)
- indicators of groups or plurals (kaum, para, kalian)
- terms of address (Kak, Dik, Mas, Mbak, bang) and particles (diminutive Si and honorific Sang)
- classifiers (buah, helai, potong, ikat)
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expressing possession using word order, for example, siswa pertukaran, kartu telepon
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describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
- adjectives using me-/me-kan (menarik, menakjubkan, mengesankan)
- adjectives using the prefix pe- (to describe enduring attributes of behaviour or character: pemalu, pendiam, pemarah, pemalas)
- comparatives (kurang, tidak begitu, agak, se-) and superlatives (ter-)
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referring to abstract ideas by nominalising using prefixes and suffixes, for example, pe-an, per-an (pendidikan, pelajaran, pertandingan, pengetahuan), ke-an (kebersihan, kesehatan, kedatangan, kecantikan)
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indicating action using, for example:
- transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) in subject- and object-focus form (with di- prefix)
- duplication of verbs (duduk-duduk, jalan-jalan, lihat-lihat)
- adverbs as modifiers (kurang, cukup, cuma, agak, hanya, makin…makin, baik…maupun…)
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recognising syntactic differences between subject- and object-focus construction, for example, Dia menjual minuman itu di toko-toko, Minuman itu dijual di toko-toko
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referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs, for example, dulu, yang lalu, yang akan datang, dua minggu lagi
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contrasting ideas using conjunctions, for example, sehingga, sementara, sedangkan, sambil, oleh karena itu, andaikata, jika, bila
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indicating register using colloquial (for example, nggak, gimana, kok, deh, lho/lo) and formal language, for example, yang terhormat, sekian
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expressing opinions, for example, yang saya rasa, saya lebih suka, lebih…dibandingkan…, pertama-tama…sekarang…
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influencing others by persuading using superlatives (paling…, ter-), encouraging (cobalah, mari, ayo) and advising (sebaiknya, seharusnya, mesti)
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evaluating by using, for example, pada pendapat saya, menurut saya, di satu pihak…di pihak lain…, sebaliknya
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expressing imagination by using imagery (angin bertiup kencang, bunga-bunga berwarna-warni), metaphor (adalah; burung bernyanyi di pohon) and simile (Matanya seperti bintang kejora, Kata-katanya bagai air mengalir)
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using idiomatic language, for example, idioms (masuk angin, panjang tangan) and proverbs (Datang sahabat, pulang saudara; Tak kenal maka tak saying; Ada gula ada semut)
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maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices (for example, betul?, bukan?) and verbal fillers such as kalah saya tidak salah, omong-omong, begini…
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expressing emphasis, for example, bukan main [adjective] nya
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse composers’ use of the elements of music and stylistic features when listening to and interpreting music
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identifying elements of music aurally and then discussing how these elements, composition techniques and devices are used and manipulated to create a style
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identifying and describing the features and performance practices that help determine a specific musical style or culture
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Considering viewpoints – evaluations: For example – How effectively did the musicians use expressive techniques in their performance? What are the strengths of this performance or composition?
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following scores while listening to musical works and using these as a tool for interpreting music
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accessing and researching music through real or virtual performances to analyse performers’ interpretations of composers’ intentions
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse culturally specific ways of interacting in Greek and how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, considering why these differ from interactions in English or in other languages
[Key concepts: norms, variation; Key processes: analysing, comparing]
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comparing texts created for different audiences, such as advertisements, brochures and signs, noticing how language use reflects ideas and messages that are relevant to a particular audience
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investigating the nature and use of Greek language in different contexts of interaction, for example, asking Greek-speaking students in Australia with whom they communicate in Greek and for what purposes, reflecting on similarities and differences to interactions in English or other languages
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analysing a range of correspondence and dialogue to identify features of language that affect levels of formality, such as the use of the subjunctive, imperative mood and plural polite register, for example, Αγαπημένε μου φίλε Γιάννη, γεια σου, Αξιότιμη κυρία Λασκαρίδη, Πες μου, Πείτε μου, Ας μιλήσουμε, Για να σε ακούσω
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identifying English words in the Greek language, for example, πάρκινγκ, ζάπινγκ, and discussing their emergence and use
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse data and information in different formats to explain cause-and-effect relationships, make predictions and illustrate alternative perspectives
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categorising and interpreting data and information collected into a form that shows multiple perspectives around an issue/event
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interpreting a range of measures of economic performance and standards of living to identify differences within and between economies
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explaining relationships identified in data (for example, the relationship between standards of living, infant mortality and access to health services)
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analysing information to make informed choices (for example, when purchasing goods and services)
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse data and information in different formats to explain cause-and-effect relationships, make predictions and illustrate alternative perspectives
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organising the data and information collected into a form that shows the different perspectives around an issue/event (for example, the impact of global events on participants in the Australian economy)
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using data to make predictions about future trends (for example, the way businesses operate in the global economy or trends in Australia’s trade with countries of the Asia region)
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse different texts in a variety of forms, including digital, , considering the relationship between audience, purpose and context, and the use of textual conventions, features and cohesive devices
[Key concepts: genre, purpose, audience, cohesion; Key processes: analysing, explaining, comparing]
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applying knowledge of particular types of texts and their purpose to identify the gist and predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and phrases encountered in texts
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analysing different samples of a particular type of text, such as online diary entries, to analyse ideas and reflections through the language features used, for example,
ضمير المتكلم: أشعر بسعادة كبيرة؛ هذا عملي وأنا مسؤول عنه
التعبير عن التعجب والدهشة: يا إلهي!؛ مستحيل! يا للكارثة!
الصور البلاغية: كنت كالفراشة أطير من فرحتي؛ كلامه كالخنجر في صدري
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exploring a range of imaginative texts to compare the use of language features such as imagery and exaggeration, and discussing how these are used to convey meaning to and entertain the audience
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examining a variety of informative texts, such as reports and articles, identifying how the structure and features of each text reflect the intended purpose and how the choice of vocabulary reflects ideas and perspectives
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experimenting with language appropriate to particular types of texts, for example, descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in blogs, diary or journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements and speeches
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analysing a range of expository texts, such as feature articles, identifying possible elements of bias and objectivity
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discussing and evaluating how language is used to express ideas and justify opinions on topical issues of interest to teenagers in debates or on a talk show
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identifying and discussing the level of formality in spoken and written texts, considering what these texts reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, concepts of respect and politeness
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse emerging approaches to work and the implications these have for workers to be flexible, proactive and responsive
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investigating trends in ways of working
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examining the implications of changes in work for future work opportunities and ways of working
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exploring factors impacting on work challenges and opportunities, including globalisation, the increasing economic influence of the Asia region, the need for more sustainable patterns of living, technological advances and knowledge-intensive service industries
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse factors that influence emotions , and develop strategies to demonstrate empathy and sensitivity
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investigating personal, social and cultural factors that influence the way individuals respond emotionally to different situations (RS, MH)
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exploring different viewpoints, practising being empathetic and considering alternative ways to respond (S, RS, MH)
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recognising and interpreting emotional responses to stressful situations and proposing strategies for managing these responses (S, AD, RS, MH)
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exploring the impact of different ways of communicating, how these impact on emotions and can show respect (or not) for self and others
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse features of classical literature in their original and contemporary forms, and apply features of 文言文 and 古文 in their own language use, identifying rules of intonation in classical poems and the impact of these rules on modern poetry
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exploring symbolism in classical literature and in modern pop culture, such as the connotations of key terms such as 凤凰
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discussing the revival of the study of traditional texts (国学) and the reasons for such interest in the past
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considering the role technology plays in their own lives and how it impacts on the ways they communicate with others and use language to convey ideas
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identifying examples of internet language and discussing how these shape or impact their own language use, for example, 囧 、 槑 、 烎
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comparing ‘internet novel’ (网络小说) with contemporary 小说 and identifying the impact of the internet in popularising and increasing access to Chinese literature
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse functions of grammatical rules and use language appropriate to different forms of oral and written communication
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comparing ways in which tense is expressed, for example, 了 to indicate completion; 完 to indicate the achievement of a desired result; 想 to indicate intention; the use of verb negation 没有 to indicate negative past; 正在 to indicate action in progress
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exploring the uses of diverse time expressions and ways to sequence events in time, for example, 先…然后…; 一…就…;了…就…;才; 第一;然后
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comparing the functions of prepositions and discussing the importance of context when determining their meanings in texts, for example, 跟;对;给
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developing ideas using nuanced structures, for example, using different ways to negate depending on degree of formality or emphasis (我不是…;我哪儿有…?;我没有办法…;我不能…;不行; 别 ; 不准)
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exploring and applying ways of sequencing and connecting ideas through the use of conjunctions, for example, 不但…而且…;虽然…但是…
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse how artists use visual conventions in artworks
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visiting and critiquing a physical or virtual exhibition of art, craft or design, and reviewing how artists have used visual conventions in their artworks
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critically analysing an artist’s intention for an artwork and their use of visual conventions
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presenting an informed opinion about a display of artworks as a written review, referring to previous and subsequent works by the same artist/group of artists
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Considering viewpoints – cultures: For example – How do artists from different cultures represent the concepts of Place/Country? Compare examples of street art found in Australia to street art from another country.
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse how authors adjust features of different text types for different purposes and audiences
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comparing diverse genres with similar topics (for example, 生日会的安排 and 我的生日日记), recognising the differences in purpose, focus of information and language choice
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analysing and explaining the organisation and development of ideas or an argument in a range of genres, including textual features such as paragraphing
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse how beliefs and value systems are reflected in language use and communicative behaviours, and reflect on howwhat is considered normal in communication varies across cultures
[Key concepts: norms, beliefs, value system; Keyprocesses: analysing, interpreting, reflecting]
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investigating cultural and historical backgrounds underlying culturallyappropriate body language, gestures and verbal expressions in Korean and other languages; reflecting on and discussingdifferences across cultures
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investigating and using language associated with significantcultural practices and events or celebrations, for example, 설날, 단오, 추석, 한글날
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discussing attitudes towards diversity and difference, including theuse of stereotypes and generalisations, and considering how these affect communication
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reflecting onown cultural identities and how they are expressed differently in different settings such as home, school and othersocial domains, considering how these might be interpreted and responded to by people from different cultures
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse how characteristics and properties of food determine preparation techniques and presentation when designing solutions for healthy eating
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planning and making quality, safe and nutritious food items, using a range of food preparation tools, equipment and techniques
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examining the relationship between food preparation techniques and the impact on nutrient value, for example steaming vegetables
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investigating how a recipe can be modified to enhance health benefits, and justifying decisions, for example by replacing full cream milk with skim milk
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analysing food preparation techniques used in different cultures including those from the Asia region and the impact of these on nutrient retention, aesthetics, taste and palatability, for example stir-frying
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explaining how food preparation techniques impact on the sensory properties (flavour, appearance, texture, aroma) of food, for example the browning of cut fruit, the absorption of water when cooking rice
Content description
Elaborations
Analyse how choreographers use elements of dance and production elements to communicate intent
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deconstructing sections of a dance, for example, identifying and describing recurring movement within sequences and the use of the elements of dance and production elements such as lighting, performance space, music and costume
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identifying and interpreting how interrelating elements, choreographic devices such as variation, contrast and transitions, and forms are used to communicate intent
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Considering viewpoints – philosophies and ideologies: What philosophical, ideological or political perspectives does the dance work represent, or how do these perspectives affect the audience’s interpretation?
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expressing responses using descriptive style-specific dance terminology
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accessing and researching choreographers’ works through real or virtual performances to analyse choreographers’ intentions