By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to interact with peers and the teacher to exchange personal information (for example, Em tên Nam. Em mười hai tuổi. Em sinh ở Úc), describe feelings (for example, Em vui/hạnh phúc) and express preferences (for example, Em thích chơi thể thao. Em thích ăn phở hơn hủ tíu). When participating in collaborative activities...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to interact with peers and the teacher to exchange personal information (for example, Em tên Nam. Em mười hai tuổi. Em sinh ở Úc), describe feelings (for example, Em vui/hạnh phúc) and express preferences (for example, Em thích chơi thể thao. Em thích ăn phở hơn hủ tíu). When participating in collaborative activities and classroom routines, they use modelled language to complete transactions, to ask and respond to questions (for example, Bạn học trường nào? Gia đình tôi có bốn người), to follow instructions (for example, Các em hãy chú ý/ chép bài này vào tập!), to request support and permission (for example, Xin cô vui lòng lặp lại/giải thích chữ này. Thưa thầy/cô, cho em đi vệ sinh), and to make arrangements (for example, Thứ Bảy này mình đi coi phim nha). When interacting, they use the features of the sound system, including tones, to pronounce words and expressions, and form affirmative (for example, Em ăn cơm), negative (for example, Em không ăn cơm), interrogative (for example, Em ăn cơm không?) and imperative (for example, Ăn cơm đi!) sentences. Students locate specific information in a range of texts and present information and ideas related to personal, social and natural worlds in spoken, written and digital forms using modelled language structures. They share their responses to a range of imaginative texts by identifying and describing key elements and expressing opinions. They create or adapt familiar imaginative texts for a range of audiences, using common adverbs of sequence such as trước hết, kế đến and sau cùng to organise and link ideas. They use personal pronouns (for example, tôi, bạn, em, con, anh, chị, cô, ông, bà), nouns (for example, bạn, học sinh, thầy giáo, cô giáo, cha mẹ, cái bàn, cây viết, con chó, trái cam), adjectives (for example, già, trẻ, lớn, nhỏ, tốt, hiền, thông minh, chăm chỉ), verbs (for example, ăn, uống, ngủ, nói, đọc, học, chạy, đi bộ), adverbs (for example, hay, giỏi, nhanh, chậm) and conjunctions (for example, và, hay, vì, nhưng). They apply rules of the Vietnamese writing system to spell familiar words, including tone markers. They translate and interpret short texts, identifying words that are not easily translated, such as cúng, bánh chưng/bánh tét, and create bilingual texts to support their own learning and for the school community. They compare ways of communicating in Vietnamese and English and explain how their own biography influences their cultural identity and ways of communicating.
Students identify the tones of spoken and written Vietnamese. They identify Vietnamese sound–letter relationships, the formation of consonants clusters (for example, ch, nh, th, tr, ph), diphthongs (for example, ai, ao, au), triphthongs (for example, oai, ươi), and vowel–consonant combinations such as an, am, ac, at. They compare the structural and language features of Vietnamese and English in personal, informative and imaginative texts, identifying audience and purpose. They describe how language use varies according to setting and context. Students provide examples of how the Vietnamese language has changed over time, identifying Vietnamese words that have emerged through contact with other languages, for example, cà rốt, cà phê, căn-tin. They identify cultural practices that are embedded in language use and communication styles, such as use of the terms dạ/thưa to express politeness and respect.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and adults in familiar contexts, for example, Bạn thích nghe loại nhạc nào? Tôi thích nghe nhạc trẻ. Bạn thích ca sĩ và bài hát nào nhất? Tại sao? Tôi thích ca sĩ Lynda Miles vì cô ấy hát hay và nhảy đẹp. Bài hát tôi thích nhất là My Best Moments vì nó giúp tôi thấy...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and adults in familiar contexts, for example, Bạn thích nghe loại nhạc nào? Tôi thích nghe nhạc trẻ. Bạn thích ca sĩ và bài hát nào nhất? Tại sao? Tôi thích ca sĩ Lynda Miles vì cô ấy hát hay và nhảy đẹp. Bài hát tôi thích nhất là My Best Moments vì nó giúp tôi thấy vui vẻ và yêu đời. They use modelled and spontaneous language to engage in discussions, seek clarification, offer opinions, compare experiences related to familiar topics (for example, Học tiếng Việt có nhiều lợi ích lắm. Tôi thích đi du lịch ở ngoại quốc hơn là ở trong nước. Đồ ăn ở Việt Nam tươi và ngon nhưng không sạch sẽ bằng ở Úc), and express agreement or disagreement (for example, Bạn nói đúng lắm/Tôi cũng nghĩ vậy. Xin lỗi, tôi không nghĩ vậy/tôi có ý kiến khác với bạn). They interact with others to carry out transactions and to plan and organise social or cultural events by negotiating options, and explaining and justifying opinions, for example, Bạn muốn tổ chức sinh nhật ở nhà hay ở trường? Chúng mình nên tham gia gây quỹ để cứu trợ nạn nhân bão lụt. They apply appropriate pronunciation in spoken Vietnamese, including intonation patterns, tones and pauses. Students analyse information and ideas obtained from diverse sources, comparing and evaluating different perspectives related to common areas of interest and study. They present information and opinions using different text types and modes of presentation appropriate to a variety of audiences and to achieve different purposes. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing preferences and describing key elements such as themes, values, plot, and representations of characters and events. They create imaginative texts for the purpose of self-expression and engagement, using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to communicate, link and extend ideas, and common Vietnamese idioms, proverbs or folk songs for illustration of cultural concepts or aspects. When writing, they use verbs to express modality (for example, nên, cần, phải), direct speech (for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’) and indirect speech (for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học), and apply Vietnamese spelling rules and tone markers to a range of words. They translate and interpret texts using strategies to overcome challenges in translation, such as considering cultural expressions or representations, and explain differences in interpretation. Students create a range of multimodal bilingual resources for the school and local community. They explain the relationship between language, culture and identity, and modify language and behaviours in intercultural interactions to enhance mutual understanding.
Students infer the meaning of unfamiliar words encountered in a range of familiar contexts by applying knowledge of grammatical elements and vocabulary. They analyse the relationship between cultural representations, language choices, and the audience and purpose of different text types. They identify and analyse linguistic features of Vietnamese in a range of situations, explaining variations due to audience and purpose. They explain the impact of social, cultural and intercultural influences on language, identifying and using Vietnamese words that have emerged from globalisation, migration, popular culture and technology, such as toàn cầu hóa, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, nhạc trẻ, công nghệ thông tin, nhật ký điện tử, nói chuyện qua mạng. They explain ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other.
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By the end of Year 10, students use spoken and written Vietnamese to initiate, sustain and extend interactions with peers, teachers and others in a range of contexts and for a range of purposes, such as to explore peers’ perspectives on youth culture and personal experiences. They use language spontaneously in the classroom, offering and justifying their own opinions and ideas and eliciting...
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By the end of Year 10, students use spoken and written Vietnamese to initiate, sustain and extend interactions with peers, teachers and others in a range of contexts and for a range of purposes, such as to explore peers’ perspectives on youth culture and personal experiences. They use language spontaneously in the classroom, offering and justifying their own opinions and ideas and eliciting those of others. They negotiate with others to complete shared tasks and transactions, using evaluative language, for example, Ý kiến của bạn rất mới lạ/hợp thời. Bạn nói có lý nhưng tôi nghĩ rằng …, to acknowledge others’ opinions and to challenge and manage alternative views. They use transitional sentences, such as Hay là mình thử làm thế này xem sao. Còn vấn đề bảo vệ môi trường thì sao?, to manage shifts of topic and speaker. They speak fluently, pausing where appropriate, and use stress in extended sentences to enhance communication. Students gather, synthesise and evaluate information and opinions from different perspectives and create original texts for diverse audiences and purposes in a range of contexts. They respond to a range of imaginative texts by analysing their purpose and language techniques, forming their own position on the issues, themes and values addressed. They create a range of imaginative texts to express a variety of perspectives and values in modes of presentation selected to suit audience, purpose and context. They combine knowledge of Sino–Vietnamese words and abstract vocabulary with stylistic devices to enhance expression, create particular effects and influence others, for example, through repetition (for example, đi nhanh, nói nhanh, ăn nhanh), similes (for example, mắt sáng như sao), personification (for example, lá sầu), onomatopoeia (for example, ào, rì rào, đùng), and rhetorical questions, for example, Chẳng lẽ mình là người Việt mà lại không biết nói tiếng Việt? They adjust their own language use when addressing a different audience or in a different context, for example, shifting from an informal to a respectful tone, and from simple to sophisticated vocabulary or structures. They convert informal everyday speech (for example, ai cũng biết hết) into formal register (for example, như quý vị đã biết), as appropriate. Students use conjunctions, such as trước tiên, sau cùng, ngoài ra, hơn nữa, do đó, càng … càng, vừa … vừa, chẳng những … mà còn, nếu…thì, tuy… nhưng, vì…cho nên, to sequence and connect ideas in texts, and apply accurate spelling to enhance communication. They translate and interpret texts and create bilingual resources for Vietnamese and English-speaking audiences, explaining how cultural concepts, values and beliefs are embedded in language. They compare views on the relationship between cultural identity and communication, question cultural assumptions, and modify language and behaviours in intercultural interactions as appropriate.
Students explain how pronunciation, intonation, pace and rhythm in spoken Vietnamese can express different emotions, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi, and signal clause boundaries and emphasis. They explain why Sino-Vietnamese words are used in formal contexts, for example, hội phụ nữ (not hội đàn bà) and viện dưỡng lão (not nhà người già). They analyse a range of personal, informative, reflective and persuasive texts and explain the relationship between context, purpose, audience, linguistic features and textual and cultural elements. They analyse how language use varies according to cultural contexts, relationships and purposes, explaining why they adjust their vocabulary and level of politeness and formality in intercultural interactions. They explain the impact of media, technology, globalisation, migration and popular culture on Vietnamese language use in both Australia and Vietnam. They explain the reciprocal nature of the relationship between language, culture and communication, identifying its impact on attitudes and beliefs.
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By the end of Year 8, students use spoken and written Vietnamese to initiate and sustain interactions with peers, teachers, family members and other known adults, and to engage in transactions and exchange ideas and experiences. They ask and respond to open-ended questions such as Bạn nghĩ sao về vấn đề này? Tại sao bạn nghĩ như vậy?, and offer and justify their own opinions. They...
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By the end of Year 8, students use spoken and written Vietnamese to initiate and sustain interactions with peers, teachers, family members and other known adults, and to engage in transactions and exchange ideas and experiences. They ask and respond to open-ended questions such as Bạn nghĩ sao về vấn đề này? Tại sao bạn nghĩ như vậy?, and offer and justify their own opinions. They make enquiries (for example, Mẹ định tổ chức sinh nhật con như thế nào?) and suggestions (for example, Chúng mình tham gia biểu diễn văn nghệ trong trường đi!), to solve problems, make decisions and organise events and services. They use verbs such as nên, cần and phải to give advice or express their attitudes on topics of discussion. They make comparisons and state preferences using bằng, hơn and nhất. They rephrase statements or provide examples to clarify meaning, and elaborate on or justify ideas. When interacting, they use appropriate Vietnamese pronunciation and intonation patterns in a range of sentence structures. Students locate, analyse and compare information on topics of shared interest from a variety of texts, and convey information and ideas using modes of presentation selected to suit their audience and purpose. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by expressing opinions about the ways characters and events are represented and by explaining themes, messages and the storyline. They create texts with imaginary places, events, people and experiences in a range of forms, using direct speech (for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’), and indirect speech (for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học). They manipulate a range of structures to express their own perspectives on experiences, events and issues. They use a variety of sentence types (affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory) to express attitudes, opinions or emotions. They translate texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, using simple strategies to overcome challenges, and compare their versions with others’. They produce multimodal bilingual resources for the school and the wider community, providing annotations and commentaries to assist meaning. They reflect on the importance of language and behaviour in intercultural communication and how being a speaker of Vietnamese contributes to their own sense of identity.
Students analyse the use of punctuation and tone markers in different sentence types, including affirmative (for example, Em ăn cơm), negative (for example, Em không ăn cơm), interrogative (for example, Em ăn cơm không?), imperative (for example, Ăn cơm đi!) and exclamatory, for example, Em ăn nhiều cơm quá! They identify the meaning of Vietnamese homonyms (for example, hay may mean ‘usually’ or ‘interesting’) depending on the context. They analyse the structure and linguistic features of different types of texts and explain how these features are influenced by each text’s context, audience and purpose. They identify variations in language use between written and spoken texts and explain how language choices depend on the participants, relationships and purpose of the exchange. They identify the impact of social, cultural and intercultural influences on language, and use and explain Vietnamese words that have emerged through contact with other languages (for example, cà rốt, cà phê, căn-tin), and from globalisation and technological advances, such as toàn cầu hóa, công nghệ thông tin, nhật ký điện tử, nói chuyện qua mạng. They explain how cultural ideas and perspectives are embedded in language use and communication styles, for example, the importance of politeness and respect in Vietnamese language and culture.
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By the end of Year 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek clarification, assistance or advice in everyday classroom routines, for example, Làm ơn cho biết
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By the end of Year 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek clarification, assistance or advice in everyday classroom routines, for example, Làm ơn cho biết. When interacting, they use features of Vietnamese pronunciation, including tones, vowels and consonants. Students locate information relating to familiar contexts and present it in modelled spoken, written and visual texts. They respond to imaginative texts by identifying favourite elements and making simple statements about settings, characters or events, and create simple imaginative texts using formulaic expressions and modelled language. Students use common action verbs (for example, đi, ăn, ngủ, chơi, chạy, nói, cười, làm, học), adjectives (for example, đẹp, xấu, tốt, đen, đỏ) and adverbs (for example, nhanh, chậm, hay, giỏi), to create short, simple sentences about their routines and interests. They use vocabulary related to school, home and everyday routines. They use appropriate word order and personal pronouns in simple spοken and written texts, for example, Đây là con mèo con của tôi/anh/em/cháu. They translate and compare common Vietnamese and English expressions and create simple bilingual texts for classroom use. Students describe how language involves behaviours as well as words and share their experiences of communicating in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts.
Students identify the tones of the Vietnamese language and use tone markers when writing. They identify the features and purpose of a range of familiar texts. They provide examples of how language use varies according to the participants, social context and situation (for example, cho em/tặng bạn/biếu bà một món quà), and identify differences between ways of showing politeness in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts. They identify how languages change over time, providing examples of Vietnamese words borrowed from other languages such as English and French. They compare Vietnamese and English language use and cultural practices, identifying culture-specific terms and expressions.
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise events and complete transactions. When participating in classroom and collaborative activities...
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise events and complete transactions. When participating in classroom and collaborative activities, they ask and respond to questions, and express opinions, for example, Bạn thích ăn cơm hay phở? Tôi thích ăn phở vì nó thơm ngon và bổ. Students use specific features of pronunciation and intonation, including tones, when interacting. They locate, classify and compare information from a range of familiar texts, and share information and ideas on topics of interest in paragraphs or short texts selected to suit different audiences. They respond to imaginative texts by describing key elements, and create short imaginative texts or alternative versions of texts they have heard, read or viewed. Students use everyday language and topic-specific vocabulary to express ideas and opinions and discuss events in time and place. They construct sentences using nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs and familiar expressions and idioms (for example, đen như mực, hiền như Bụt, có công mài sắt có ngày nên kim), to suit the context and purpose of communication. Students use simple sentences and form compound sentences using conjunctions such as và,hay/hoặc, vì, nhưng, nên. When writing, they apply appropriate spelling and punctuation in a range of sentence types. Students translate simple texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, identifying words that are easy or difficult to translate, and create bilingual texts for their own language learning and for the school community. Students identify ways in which their family origins, traditions and beliefs impact on their identity and influence how they communicate in Vietnamese and English.
Students form new words by adding or changing tone markers, initial consonants and vowels (for example, buổi, cuối, đuổi, tuổi, chuối), and identify how changes to pitch affect the meaning of words, for example, thương, thường, thưởng, thượng. They compare the structure and language features of familiar texts and identify ways in which audience, context and purpose influence language choices. They identify ways in which language use varies according to context and situation, for example, Chào các bạn. Kính thưa thầy/cô. Students provide examples of how the Vietnamese language has changed over time and identify ways in which regional dialects and accents have influenced the language, for example, dialectal variations such as bố/ba, mẹ/má, cái thìa/cái muỗng, Em tên gì?/Em tên chi? Đi đâu?/Đi mô? They identify language choices that reflect the influence of Vietnamese values and beliefs, and apply culturally appropriate behaviours and language when communicating in a range of familiar situations.
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By the end of Year 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, interests, likes, dislikes and preferences. They interact with others to carry out transactions, participate in class routines and socialise. They use modelled language and simple expressions to ask and respond to familiar questions and give and respond to instructions...
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By the end of Year 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, interests, likes, dislikes and preferences. They interact with others to carry out transactions, participate in class routines and socialise. They use modelled language and simple expressions to ask and respond to familiar questions and give and respond to instructions, such as, Hört gut zu!; Hol’ einen Laptop!; Wer ist das?; Woher kommt dein Vater?; Hast du Geschwister?, request help or permission, for example, Ich möchte … , bitte.; Hilfe, bitte!; Darf ich bitte auf die Toilette gehen?, ask for information, clarification or assistance, such as, Wie bitte? Hast du mein Buch? Wie sagt man das auf Deutsch?, and clarify answers, for example, Das ist meine Freundin und sie kommt aus China. ... Ja, ich habe zwei Brüder, sie heißen Nick und Max.. When socialising, they make simple statements such as Ich mag Fuβball, aber Toms Lieblingssport ist Basketball. They use key features of pronunciation, stress and intonation, including short and long vowel sounds, single consonants, blends and diphthongs, in different words, phrases and sentences, such as,ja, rot, singen, Sport, Winter, zwei, ich auch. They obtain key points of information and identify main ideas in simple texts relating to own world and that of teenagers in German-speaking countries, using contextual clues to help make meaning. They use high-frequency vocabulary to describe characters, events and ideas encountered in imaginative texts, and create short informative and imaginative texts using modelled sentence structures and formulaic expressions with present tense forms of regular and some irregular verbs, and correct word order. They use a range of grammatical elements to describe people, objects, actions, events and relationships, including articles, such as, der/ein, personal pronouns and some possessive adjectives, for example, mein, dein, sein, ihr in the nominative and accusative. They qualify meaning with reference to time, manner and place using everyday adverbs and phrases, for example, am Montag; besser; in der Schule, and link words, phrases and sentences using und, aber and oder, and other connectives such as dann, später and zuerst. They work with German and English to translate texts and create simple bilingual texts for peers and family, noticing where equivalence is not possible. They identify the relationship between language and culture, giving examples of adjustments made as a result of reactions and intercultural experiences. They explain how aspects of their own identity impact on intercultural exchange.
Students identify German as an important European and global language and that it is related to English. They identify some of the common variations in German used in different contexts by different people. They differentiate statements, questions, imperatives and exclamations according to intonation, sentence structure and punctuation. They understand and apply grammatical concepts such as gender and number, and nominative and accusative case. They identify key similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and German, including the Umlaut and Eszett, capitalisation, and punctuation used in numbers (ordinals, decimals). They identify features of common spoken, written and multimodal texts. They understand and give examples of how language use is shaped by and reflects the values, ideas and norms of a community.
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate and maintain interactions in written and spoken German to communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings and information related to relationships, school experiences, the community and future plans. They interact with others to make decisions, solve problems, and negotiate and plan action in response to issues. When interacting, they use both rehearsed...
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate and maintain interactions in written and spoken German to communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings and information related to relationships, school experiences, the community and future plans. They interact with others to make decisions, solve problems, and negotiate and plan action in response to issues. When interacting, they use both rehearsed and spontaneous language. They ask and respond to familiar questions, for example, Wir sind in den Ferien oft ins Schwimmbad gegangen. Was hast du gemacht? Ich finde meine Schule gut, und du? Wie findest du deine Schule? and make comparisons, such as, Meine Freundin ist fleiβiger als ich. They give opinions explain problems and ask for advice or clarification, for example, Ich wohne gern auf dem Land, weil ... , Ich habe mein Passwort vergessen. Was soll ich machen? Wie lernt man die deutschen Verben?. They apply rules of pronunciation, intonation and stress, including variations such as contractions. They locate, analyse and record information, feelings and opinions from a range of texts. They respond to and re-create imaginative texts, and use descriptive and expressive vocabulary to communicate about experiences and emotions. They modify meaning with a range of adverbs and adverbial phrases, such as, Wir haben das schon am Montag mit Frau Rolf gemacht. They create personal, descriptive, informative and imaginative texts for different purposes, audiences and contexts. They use a range of grammatical elements to describe, situate and link people, objects and events in time and place. They use articles, for example, der/ein, personal pronouns, some demonstrative and interrogative adjectives such as dieser, jeder and welcher, possessive adjectives in the nominative, accusative and dative case, and a range of prepositions in everyday and topic-based phrases. They use present and future tensesof a range of regular and irregular verbs, including some modal, separable and inseparable verbs. They describe past events and experiences using the present perfect and simple past tenses with a range of common verbs. They use some common reflexive verbs in the present tense, such as, Ich dusche mich morgens.; Interessierst du dich für Geschichte? They use a variety of conjunctions and cohesive devices, for example, als, dass, wenn, weil; dann, früher, danach, vorher, to create cohesion and interest. They translate and interpret excerpts from informative and imaginative texts, identifying and explaining challenges and adjustments required when transferring meaning between languages and cultures. They explain the importance of audience and context in intercultural exchanges. They explain how cultural identity is both shaped by and influences ways of communicating and thinking.
Students give examples of how language changes over time and identify reasons for change. They apply the German case system (mainly nominative, accusative, dative) and explain the relationships between noun gender, article, pronoun, adjectival ending and case. They name some grammatical terms and their functions. They identify variations in the features of spoken and written German in relation to pronunciation, spelling and punctuation. They identify textual conventions in a range of texts and explain how they shape meaning and influence responses. They identify how features of German in familiar spoken and written texts vary according to audience, context and purpose. They reflect on their own cultural identity in light of their experience of learning German, identifying how their ideas and ways of communicating are influenced by their membership of cultural groups.
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By the end of Year 6, students use written and spoken German for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions, and to share ideas and opinions, relate experiences and express feelings. They use complete sentences in familiar contexts to ask questions such as, Bist du fertig? Was machst du jetzt? Verstehst du das? respond to requests and share experiences of learning, for example, Ich...
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By the end of Year 6, students use written and spoken German for classroom interactions, to carry out transactions, and to share ideas and opinions, relate experiences and express feelings. They use complete sentences in familiar contexts to ask questions such as, Bist du fertig? Was machst du jetzt? Verstehst du das? respond to requests and share experiences of learning, for example, Ich kann gut sprechen, aber ich finde das Lesen und Schreiben schwierig. They use descriptive and expressive vocabulary, including adjectives such as aufgeregt, glücklich, nervös, sauer and traurig, to express feelings and make statements such as Ich nehme ein Käsebrötchen. They use appropriate intonation for simple statements, questions and exclamations, and correct pronunciation, for example, for the two different pronunciations of ch. They gather and compare information from different sources about social and natural worlds, and convey information and opinions in different formats to suit specific audiences and purposes. They describe characters, events and ideas encountered in texts, and re-create imaginative texts to reflect their imaginative experience. When creating texts, they manipulate modelled language to describe current, recurring and future actions, for example, Wir gehen morgen schwimmen. Kommst du mit? Es geht mir nicht gut. and produce original sentences with common regular and irregular verbs in the present tense, including limited forms of the modal verbs dürfen and müssen and some common separable verbs such as mitbringen and fernsehen. They use adjectives, adverbs and adverbial phrases to qualify meaning, for example, viel Wasser, neue Schuhe; lieber, oft, jeden Tag. They explain aspects of German language and culture, recognising that there are not always equivalent expressions in English, and create a range of bilingual texts to support their own language learning and the school community. They describe aspects of their intercultural interactions that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable, and discuss their own reactions and adjustments.
Students give examples of how German language and culture are continuously changing and are influenced by other languages and cultures. They identify and apply some of the systematic sentence structure and word order rules of German. They identify rules for pronunciation and apply phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words, for example, words containing ch, j, w and z, and diphthongs such as au, ei, eu and ie. They apply the conventions of commonly used text types, and identify differences in language features and text structures. They give examples of the variety of ways German is used by different people in different contexts. They make connections between culture and language use, and identify ways that language use is shaped by and reflects the values, ideas and norms of a community.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with teachers and peers in classroom routines, action-related talk and play. They respond to instructions and use formulaic expressions to interact, ask questions, seek assistance, and make statements related to their personal worlds, for example, bitte schön; Ich bin dran; Welche Farbe? Wie viele Geschwister hast du? Mein Lieblingsspiel ist Lotto....
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with teachers and peers in classroom routines, action-related talk and play. They respond to instructions and use formulaic expressions to interact, ask questions, seek assistance, and make statements related to their personal worlds, for example, bitte schön; Ich bin dran; Welche Farbe? Wie viele Geschwister hast du? Mein Lieblingsspiel ist Lotto. They reproduce German short and long single vowel and diphthong sounds, including Umlaute, and Eszett, and initial consonants and blends, for example, Post/los, mein, die, Bruder/Brüder, heißen, ja, rot, singen, Sport, Winter, zwei. They answer questions related to their personal worlds with factual information, and respond to imaginative texts by identifying favourite elements, sequencing main events and producing short scaffolded summaries. They create short, simple sentences from modelled language and use coordinating conjunctions, for example, und, aber, oder, to compose short original texts. They use some forms of common regular verbs in the present tense, (for example, heißen, kosten, spielen, wohnen), some irregular verb forms, (for example, bin, bist, ist, sind, hast, hat), and limited forms of modal verbs, (for example, kann, mag, möchte, muss), simple past tense verbs, (for example, hatte, ging, war) and the accusative case, (for example, Ich habe einen Hund.). They respond to and use interrogatives, such as was, wann, wer, wie, wie viele, wo and some ja/nein questions. They refer to time, manner and place using familiar words and phrases, for example, morgen, sehr gut, im Wald. They compare aspects of German and English language and culture that are reflected in texts they have viewed, listened to or read and they create texts in German and English for the classroom and school community. They identify ways in which culture influences aspects of communication in routine exchanges such as greetings, and describe their own sense of identity, including elements such as family, cultural heritage and friends.
Students identify German as an important European and global language and give examples showing how it is related to English. They differentiate statements, questions, imperatives and exclamations according to intonation, sentence structure and punctuation. They identify the purpose of the Eszett and show how the Umlaut alters the pronunciation of particular vowels (ä, ö, ü). They identify single letters, some consonant clusters (sch) and vowel combinations (au, ei, eu, ie). They identify the audience and purpose of familiar personal, informative and imaginative texts. They give examples of how language use varies according to the participants, purpose and context of an exchange. They give examples of how language and culture are intrinsically linked, and identify cultural values, traditions or practices that are conveyed in words and expressions they and others use.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken German to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously in the classroom environment to seek clarification and advice, assist others, initiate conversations and discussions, debate a course of action, share learning strategies and...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken German to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously in the classroom environment to seek clarification and advice, assist others, initiate conversations and discussions, debate a course of action, share learning strategies and comment on the contribution of others, for example, Meinen Sie, dass …? Was würdest du an meiner Stelle tun? Simon hat Unrecht. Meiner Meinung nach ist Kims Geschichte am lustigsten. Ich sehe deutsche Filme, um meine Aussprache zu verbessern. They describe plans and aspirations using future tense, for example, Wir werden bald in Deutschland sein. Ich werde sicher die 12. Klasse zu Ende machen, und dann werde ich hoffentlich studieren. They state facts and relate experiences, such as, Wir haben fast alle unsere Lernziele für das Halbjahr erreicht. Mit 5 Jahren spielte ich mit Puppen und konnte lesen., using past tense forms, Perfekt and Imperfekt, of regular and irregular verbs. When speaking, they use appropriate pronunciation, intonation and stress in a range of sentence types, including variations such as contractions. They locate, synthesise and evaluate information on local and global issues from a range of perspectives and sources. They present ideas, information and views in a range of texts selected to suit audience, purpose and context. They analyse the main ideas and themes in imaginative texts and use evidence to support their views. They plan, draft and present imaginative texts using literary devices (imagery, similes, onomatopoeia) to engage a range of audiences. When creating informative, persuasive and imaginative texts, students use a variety of conjunctions, relative clauses and other cohesive devices to build cohesion, for example, Ich skype oft mit den Austauschschülern, die letztes Jahr bei uns waren. They specify and describe people, places and objects by applying knowledge of the case system to articles, common demonstratives and possessives followed by adjectives, for example, Ich habe mit meinem neuen Computer große Probleme. They interpret and/or translate excerpts from German texts, identifying and explaining culture-specific aspects, and create texts that reflect and explain aspects of culture and language for different German-speaking and Australian audiences. They identify and challenge their own assumptions and take responsibility for modifying language and behaviours in relation to different cultural perspectives.
Students identify ways that language influences people’s actions, values and beliefs, and appreciate the scale and importance of linguistic diversity. They explain the roles of different German cases (nominative, accusative, dative and genitive) and tenses, and variations in spoken and written German in relation to pronunciation, spelling and punctuation. They explain the relationship between text type, audience and purpose. They identify the role culture plays in the creation and interpretation of texts, and explain how language and text features (layout, structure and formal/informal register) are used differently in a range of texts. They explain ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other.
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken German to interact with teachers, peers and others; to make decisions, solve problems and negotiate transactions; and to exchange and justify ideas, opinions and views. When interacting, they use both rehearsed and spontaneous language to ask and respond to open-ended questions and express, compare and justify opinions, for example,...
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By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken German to interact with teachers, peers and others; to make decisions, solve problems and negotiate transactions; and to exchange and justify ideas, opinions and views. When interacting, they use both rehearsed and spontaneous language to ask and respond to open-ended questions and express, compare and justify opinions, for example, Sie glaubt, dass … Ich bin dafür, weil … They apply rules of pronunciation, rhythm, stress and intonation to a range of sentence types and words, including loan words from English. They obtain, summarise and evaluate information from a range of sources. They express opinions and feelings in response to imaginative texts, and make connections with their own experiences and other texts. They plan, draft and present original imaginative and informative texts, following models to link and sequence events and ideas using both adverbs such as danach, dann, früher, vorher and common subordinating conjunctions, for example, als, wenn, weil, dass. They use some modal verbs and imperative forms, for example, Was soll ich machen? Du kannst … Kauf die neue App! They refer to a person, object or place using definite and indefinite articles, personal pronouns, and some demonstrative and interrogative adjectives such as dieser, jeder and welcher. They produce original present tense sentences and use familiar examples of the Perfekt and Imperfekt tenses. They use a range of everyday and topic-based prepositions, adverbs and adverbial phrases, for example, nach der Schule, zu Hause, in der Stadt, gegen die Wand, links, hier, oben, im Süden. They interpret and/or translate terms associated with the culture of German-speaking communities or their own culture, and explain specific values and traditions reflected in the language. They create a range of bilingual resources for the wide community and to assist their own and others’ language learning. They explain the importance of shared understanding, discussing adjustments made as a result of reactions and responses to intercultural experience.
Students explain how language changes over time and identify reasons for change. They identify and apply the German case system (nominative, accusative and dative) and name some grammatical terms and their functions. They describe the similarities and differences between German and English punctuation, including capitalisation, numbers (ordinals, decimals) and quotation marks. They explain reasons for differences in a range of text types, for example, personal, informative and persuasive texts, including differences in text structure and language features. They give examples of how language use varies according to audience, context and purpose. They identify different aspects of the cultural dimension of learning and using German, and explain how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives.
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By the end of Year 8, students interact with one another and the teacher in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes and information about their personal and social worlds. They use gestures and formulaic expressions appropriately, for example, おくれて すみません。しつれいします。 They comprehend and respond to familiar questions, such asだれ、 何、 どこ、 いつ、 何よう日、 どんな、...
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By the end of Year 8, students interact with one another and the teacher in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes and information about their personal and social worlds. They use gestures and formulaic expressions appropriately, for example, おくれて すみません。しつれいします。 They comprehend and respond to familiar questions, such asだれ、 何、 どこ、 いつ、 何よう日、 どんな、 and instructions, such as たって ください。三人の グループに なって ください。、 using rehearsed and some spontaneous language. They ask for assistance and clarification, for example, ~は 何 ですか。十四ページ ですね。. They pronounce voiced and unvoiced sounds, long vowels, blends, double consonants and high-frequency loan words with developing rhythm and intonation. They read and write texts in hiragana and katakana, with some kanji for numbers, days of the week and high-frequency nouns, adjectives and verbs, such as人、 先生、 日本、 大きい、 小さい、 友だち、 行きます、 食べます. Students identify key points of information in short predictable written, spoken and multimodal texts, understanding descriptions of people, objects, places and activities. They use non-verbal, visual and contextual cues to assist in making meaning. Students use rehearsed language related to their personal world to convey information in both written and spoken texts. They produce short sentences involving nouns, verbs (for example, 何を しますか 。ゲームを します。), common counter classifiers (for example, ~人、 ~ひき、 ~さい), and adjective, noun and verb predicates. They apply correct stroke order to all characters, and use appropriate punctuation and textual features in texts such as captions, greeting cards, profiles, emails or timelines. They structure sentences using correct word order, and link information using conjunctions such as そしてandそれから. They translate and interpret short spoken texts, explaining Japanese gestures and expressions that do not readily translate into English, for example, はじめまして、どうぞよろしく。. They adjust their language to suit different contexts and situations, for example, the use of appropriate titles and forms of address, and respond in culturally appropriate ways to interactions with other Japanese speakers, such as bowing when greeting, and using appropriate eye contact.
Students recognise the nature and roles of the three Japanese scripts, understanding that hiragana represents the basic unit of Japanese sound, kanji represents meaning, and katakana is used for borrowed words. They use the hiragana and katakana chart as a tool when writing and reading, recognising their systematic nature. They know that hiragana and katakana are pronounced identically and that the pronunciation of borrowed words is determined by the Japanese sound system. Students understand and apply grammatical concepts such as the use of particles, for example, の、 へ、 に、 で、 と、 も、 が、 は、 を、 か、 よ、 and conjugation of present, past, positive and negative forms of verbs. They understand and use いand なadjectives, and apply the rules of counter classifiers such as ~人、~月、 ~ひき/びき/ぴき. They explain how language and behaviour change according to participants, context and relationship, and that politeness and respect are expressed explicitly in Japanese through greetings, vocabulary, formulaic expressions and actions. They understand that languages and cultures change over time, and provide examples of how languages borrow words from one another. Students make connections and comparisons between elements of the Japanese language and culture and their own, identifying how languages reflect ways of thinking and behaving. They identify how Japanese values such as humility and harmony are reflected in language, such as by deflecting praise, for example, じょうず ですね。
いいえ。、 softening responses with expressions such asちょっと or あんまり、 and using indirect forms of refusal or disagreement.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Japanese to interact with peers, the teacher and other Japanese speakers to exchange information and opinions about personal interests and experiences. With support they share information about broader topics of interest, such as education, travel, sport, teenage life and popular culture. When collaborating in shared tasks and activities...
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Japanese to interact with peers, the teacher and other Japanese speakers to exchange information and opinions about personal interests and experiences. With support they share information about broader topics of interest, such as education, travel, sport, teenage life and popular culture. When collaborating in shared tasks and activities, they use set phrases and modelled language to transact and make arrangements, for example, 来週の土曜日にサッカーをしませんか。土曜日はちょっと…。 Students ask and respond to questions, such as どのぐらい、いくつ、 using spontaneous language. They provide explanations, opinions and reasons, for example, by using ~と思います、 ~からです. They maintain and extend interactions by requesting repetition or clarification and by using あいづち. They apply appropriate conventions of pronunciation, rhythm and phrasing in speech to allow for others’ use of あいづち. Students read and write hiragana and known kanji, read katakana, and write familiar katakana words, including elongated vowels, double consonants and contractions. They analyse and extract information from a range of spoken and written texts and multimodal sources. They understand gist and predict the meaning of unfamiliar words and expressions from context, grammatical and vocabulary knowledge. Students create and present informative and imaginative texts, taking into account audience and purpose, such as by using て form (~てはいけません、~てもいいです、 ~ています), and the plain form (~たり~たりします、 ~と思います、~つもり). They extend or qualify their message by using adverbs such as とくに、 時々、 and link ideas by using conjunctions, such as それに、 だから、 けれども. Students translate and interpret texts, explaining words and expressions that are difficult to translate and those with embedded cultural meanings, such as ただいま, おかえり. They describe their reactions to intercultural experiences and reflect on how their own assumptions and identity influence and are influenced by their language use.
Students identify the functions of different scripts within texts: how hiragana is used for particles, conjunctions, and verb and adjective endings; katakana for borrowed words and some onomatopoeia; and kanji for nouns and verb and adjective stems. They apply their understanding of kanji to identify word boundaries and know its role in assisting with the identification of linguistic elements. They distinguish between おくりがな and ふりがな、 and recognise that kanji can be pronounced differently using 音 (on) or 訓 (kun) readings. Students understand the function of verb stems, and of て form and plain form verbs, and conjugate a range of verb tenses and forms. They apply their understanding of conjugation to produce negative and past adjectives. Students identify and use a range of case particles such as か (or), より、 で (purpose/by) and に (location). They use metalanguage to describe and compare language features and rules of sentence construction. They choose between using です/ますor plain form based on age, relationship, familiarity, context and text type, such as using plain form in a personal diary. They understand that languages change over time through contact with other languages and cultures, and identify the particular impact of technology and media on contemporary forms of communication, for example, the widespread adoption of English terms into Japanese, such as コピペ. Students explain how Japanese cultural values such as the importance of community, 内/外、 respect, and consideration for others are embedded in language and behaviours such as がんばりましょう。 だいじょうぶ?。
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By the end of Year 6, students use formulaic and modelled language in classroom interactions to carry out transactions and to share or convey information about daily routines, activities and events, using time expressions such as まい日、ときどき. They ask and respond to questions in familiar contexts using complete sentences and appropriate pronunciation, rhythm and intonation. They ask for...
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By the end of Year 6, students use formulaic and modelled language in classroom interactions to carry out transactions and to share or convey information about daily routines, activities and events, using time expressions such as まい日、ときどき. They ask and respond to questions in familiar contexts using complete sentences and appropriate pronunciation, rhythm and intonation. They ask for clarification and assistance, negotiate turn-taking and follow instructions. They extend their answers by using conjunctions such as そして、それから. They show concern for and interest in others by making enquiries such as だいじょうぶ?, and apologise and express thanks using appropriate gestures. They read and write all hiragana, including voiced sounds, long vowel sounds, double consonants and blends, and high-frequency kanji, for example, 犬, 小さい、雨. Students locate specific information and some supporting details in a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts on familiar topics. They express reactions to imaginative texts, such as by describing qualities of characters, for example, やさしい 人 です。. They create connected texts of a few sentences, such as descriptions, dialogues or skits. They structure sentences using particles, for example, へ、で、を、がand prepositions, for example, の上に, and apply the rules of punctuation when writing. They describe and recount events and experiences in time, for example, adjective です。noun です/でした。 and present/past/negative verb forms, for example, のみます、たべます、見ました、いきません. They use counter classifiers in response to questions such as いくら です か。なんびき?なんこ?. Students translate familiar texts, recognising formulaic expressions and culturally specific textual features and language use. They comment on similarities and differences in ways of expressing values such as politeness, consideration and respect in Japanese compared to other languages and cultures.
Students understand and use the hiragana chart to pronounce contracted and blended sounds and exceptions to phonetic rules, such as を、へ、は, and です. They understand and apply the rules and phonetic changes related to counter classifiers, such as さんぜんえん、いっこ、はっぴき. They apply their knowledge of stroke order to form characters. They give examples of ways in which languages both change over time and are influenced by other languages and cultures. They identify words from other languages used in Japanese, such as パソコン、メール、パスタ, and how the pronunciation, form and meaning of borrowed words can change when used in Japanese. Students identify behaviours and values associated with Japanese society and incorporate these into their own language use, such as ways of deflecting praise, for example, じょうず です ね。いいえ。.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers in regular classroom routines and structured interactions. They understand and respond to instructions related to classroom organisation and activities, for example, ペア に なって ください。大きい こえ で いって ください。. They use formulaic and rehearsed language to exchange information about their personal worlds and in familiar interactions...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers in regular classroom routines and structured interactions. They understand and respond to instructions related to classroom organisation and activities, for example, ペア に なって ください。大きい こえ で いって ください。. They use formulaic and rehearsed language to exchange information about their personal worlds and in familiar interactions such as praising or encouraging one another, for example,
がんばって. They use language spontaneously in simple familiar communicative exchanges, for example, やったー!だいじょうぶ?. They respond to simple questions using short spoken statements, for example, いつ です か。なに が すき です か。. They use counter classifiers in response to questions such as なん人、なん月、なんじ、なんさい. Students identify specific items of information, such as facts about or key characteristics of people, when listening to or viewing texts such as short stories, weather reports or video clips. They use cues such as context, visual images and familiar vocabulary to assist comprehension. They create short spoken informative and descriptive texts related to their personal world with the support of modelled language, scaffolded examples and resources such as word lists. They describe people and events using adjectives, time-related vocabulary and appropriate verb forms, such as ます、ましょう、ました and ません. They read and write the 46 hiragana, including long vowels (for example, おとうさん、おおきい), voiced sounds (for example, かぞく、たべます), and blended sounds as formulaic language (for example, きょう、でしょう), as well as high-frequency kanji such as 月、日、先生. They apply word order (subject–object–verb) in simple sentences. They comprehend short written texts such as captions, labels, signs and stories that use familiar and repetitive language. They translate simple texts using classroom resources such as charts or word lists, noticing that some words and expressions do not translate easily. Students identify examples of cultural differences between ways of communicating in Japanese and in their own language(s).
Students identify both vowel and vowel–consonant sounds of hiragana, recognising that vowel sounds can be elongated and that this can change meaning. They identify ways in which rhythm is used to chunk phrases within a sentence. Students use the hiragana chart to support their reading and writing, recognising its systematic nature. They demonstrate awareness of the predictable nature of pronunciation. They know the role of particles, for example, は、を、と、も、に; the rules for simple verb tense conjugations; and how to create questions using the sentence-ending particle か. They understand and use the rules and phonetic changes that apply to counter classifiers, for example, はっさい、ひとり、ふたり. They identify language variations that occur according to the age and relationship of participants, and according to the situation, for example, なまえ/ おなまえ、はし/ おはし. They demonstrate their understanding of the importance in Japanese of non-verbal communication such as the use of gestures, for example, bowing to replace words and to communicate meaning. Students identify ways in which Japanese language reflects ways of behaving and thinking.
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By the end of Year 10, students use Japanese to share information, experiences and views related to their social worlds using rehearsed and spontaneous language. They use correct pronunciation, including that of borrowed words, and adopt appropriate rhythm and phrasing to allow for others’ use of あいづち. They ask and respond to questions, elaborating responses by providing reasons or explanations...
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By the end of Year 10, students use Japanese to share information, experiences and views related to their social worlds using rehearsed and spontaneous language. They use correct pronunciation, including that of borrowed words, and adopt appropriate rhythm and phrasing to allow for others’ use of あいづち. They ask and respond to questions, elaborating responses by providing reasons or explanations, using a range of adjectives and adverbs such as ぜんぜん or かなり. Students begin to use plain form to communicate with their peers. They use kanji to read and write verbs, for example, 思います、来ます、聞きます、食べます、飲みます, nouns, for example, 新聞、会話, 外国語 and adjectives, for example, 早い、上手な、下手な. Students extract, analyse and evaluate information from extended spoken, written and multimodal texts, such as films, blogs, brochures, itineraries and journals. They predict the meaning of unfamiliar words and expressions from context, grammatical knowledge and familiar kanji, and by drawing on their knowledge of textual characteristics and features. Students produce informative and imaginative texts, appropriate to audience and purpose, using the て form and plain form to express preferences, permission and prohibition and to describe past experiences. They build cohesion and complexity in written texts by using conjunctions, such as ですから、けれども, and indicate frequency by using a range of intensifiers, for example, よく、たいてい. Students discriminate appropriately in their use of kanji, hiragana and katakana. They translate and interpret texts, explaining words and expressions that are difficult to translate or that have embedded cultural meanings, such as にゅうがくしき、おぼん、サラリーマン. They discuss elements of interaction in Japanese, such as the importance and use of あいづち in meaning-making. They make connections and comparisons between their own and others’ culturally shaped perspectives, reflecting on the influence of perspectives on intercultural communication.
Students understand the functions of the different scripts within text, for example, hiragana for grammatical elements; katakana for borrowed words and some onomatopoeia; and kanji for nouns, verbs, adjectives and some adverbs. They distinguish, for example, between おくりがな and ふりがな, and understand the concept of おん/くん readings. They identify multiple readings of kanji, and begin to use kanji radicals as a tool for indicating meaning. Students use the て form and plain form verbs as a basis for grammar conjugations. They use metalanguage to describe and compare language features and rules of sentence construction. Students choose です/ます or plain form based on age, relationship, familiarity and context. They identify hybrid terms that combine Japanese and English, such as コピペ、オーガナイズする、ダンスする. They explain how key Japanese cultural values such as community, 内/外 and humility, いいえ、まだです。, and consideration of others are reflected in language and behaviours.
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By the end of Year 8, students use Japanese to interact with peers, the teacher and others to exchange information, recount experiences and express opinions. They use verb ましょう for planning and making arrangements and offering suggestions. They ask and respond to a range of questions, for example, だれと、何で、いつ、どこで、using both rehearsed and some spontaneous language, giving opinions and...
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By the end of Year 8, students use Japanese to interact with peers, the teacher and others to exchange information, recount experiences and express opinions. They use verb ましょう for planning and making arrangements and offering suggestions. They ask and respond to a range of questions, for example, だれと、何で、いつ、どこで、using both rehearsed and some spontaneous language, giving opinions and making comparisons, for example, でも or が、わたしは フットボールが 好きです。でも、母は フットボールが 好きじゃないです。. Students apply rules of pronunciation, rhythm, stress and intonation to a range of sentence types and vocabulary, including double consonant and long vowel sounds and borrowed words. Students read and write hiragana, read katakana, and write familiar katakana words, including elongated vowels, double consonants and contractions. They read and write high-frequency kanji for verbs (for example, 行きます、見ます、来きます), nouns (for example, 先生、父、母、月よう日), adjectives (for example, 早い), and the pronoun 私. They read some compound words such as 日本語. They locate, analyse and summarise information from a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, such as video clips, letters, posters, notices and advertisements. They plan, draft and present informative and imaginative texts with the support of modelled resources. They use counter classifiers in response to questions, for example, いくつ、何まい、何本、何分. They build cohesion in their texts and elaborate on meaning through the use of grammatical elements such as conjunctions (for example, だから), and adverbs of frequency (for example, いつも), time (for example, 時、半、分、前) and direction, for example, みぎ、ひだり、前、うしろ. They use a variety of verb tenses to express ideas and experiences, and a range of particles, such as が、へ、から、まで、including for exampleに to indicate timeframes. Students translate and interpret short texts from Japanese into English and vice versa, providing alternative expressions when equivalence is not possible. They share their reactions to intercultural experiences, describing and explaining why some elements fit easily with their sense of their own identity while others do not.
Students understand that the pronunciation of katakana is the same as that of hiragana, and that the pronunciation of borrowed words is influenced by the Japanese sound system. They apply appropriate word order in their spoken and written language, varying the order of noun phrases without altering the meaning. They understand and use いandなadjectives when appropriate, and apply the rules of phonetic change to counter classifiers, such as ひとつ、さんぼん、じゅっぷん. They identify and reproduce features of familiar text types such as emails, descriptions and dialogues. They identify words (for example, お母さんand 母), phrases (for example, どうぞよろしく。), prefixes (for example, お and ご), suffixes (for example, ~さん and ~さま) and titles (for example, ~先生) that indicate different levels of formality. They recognise values that are important in Japanese society, such as maintaining harmony and a sense of collective well-being, and how these are reflected through language and behaviours, such as indirect forms of refusal or disagreement, for example,もうすこしがんばりましょう。. They explain how cultural values and ideas are embedded in all languages and how their own communicative behaviour might be interpreted from other cultural perspectives.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share information about their interests, activities and personal worlds, for example, नमस्ते, मुझे अपने दोस्तों के साथ खेलना अच्छा लगता है, मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि …, गृह कार्य करने के बाद मैं टीवी देखता हूँ, नहा कर मैं पूजा करता हूँ,हर रविवार मैं मंदिर जाता हूँ ,हम सब मिल कर काम करते हैं। मेरे परिव...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share information about their interests, activities and personal worlds, for example, नमस्ते, मुझे अपने दोस्तों के साथ खेलना अच्छा लगता है, मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि …, गृह कार्य करने के बाद मैं टीवी देखता हूँ, नहा कर मैं पूजा करता हूँ,हर रविवार मैं मंदिर जाता हूँ ,हम सब मिल कर काम करते हैं। मेरे परिवार में पाँच लोग रहते हैं। मैं रोज़ अपने भाई के साथ खेलता हूँ। आपकी सहायता के लिये धन्यवाद ।They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and shared activities, for example, मेरे साथ आओ, हम मिल कर काम करेंग।मैं लिखता हूँ, यह यहाँ रखो, थोड़ा मैं लिखता हूँ बाकी तुम लिखो। मैं काटता हूँ ,तुम चिपकाओ। वाह! यह अच्छी बात है। क्या तुम कम्प्यूटर पर काम करना चाहते हो? They use simple questions and statements to follow instructions, respond to questions, ask for help and permission and seek clarification in everyday classroom routines, for example, यह क्या है? मुझे समझ नहीं आया। क्या आप मेरी मदद करेगें? यहाँ आओ, फिर से कहो। धन्यवाद, सब आराम से बैठो।स्कूल कब शुरू हो रहे हैं? स्कूल का खेल-दिवस कब है? When speaking and reading aloud, they use features of Hindi pronunciation and intonation. Students locate and organise information relating to their personal, social and natural worlds from different types of texts and present information about home, school and community in simple texts, using visual support, such as photos, maps or charts. They respond to imaginative texts by acting out key events or interactions and identifying favourite elements, and create simple imaginative texts, such as dialogues, puppet shows and songs. They use vocabulary related to school, home and the local environment, for example, चावल, रोटी, दाल, घर, कमरा, दरवाज़ा, घडी, कुर्सी, मेज़, किताबे, छात्र, पेंसिल, बोर्ड, पढ़ाई, लिखना, बोलना, पौधा, पेड़, फूल, घास, झूला, मोटरकार, रेलगाड़ी. Students use key grammatical forms and structures, such as verb tenses, nouns and adjectives, gender and number markers and conjunctions, for example, गया था, गयी, आऊँगी, आये, लड़का, लड़की, छोटा लड़का, छोटी लड़की, और, या, लेकिन, इसलिये, क्योंकि in simple spoken and written texts. They translate simple texts, such as captions and songs, identify words and phrases that are difficult to translate, and create simple bilingual texts for the classroom and school community. Students describe how the way they communicate reflects ways of behaving and thinking. They share their experiences of communicating in Hindi and English-speaking contexts and describe how their individual and group sense of identity is expressed in the languages they use.
Students identify and use Hindi sound and writing patterns, such as under-dot characters and punctuation conventions, for example, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, फ़. They identify levels of compulsion implied in statements such as मुझे जाना चाहिए। मुझे जाना है। मुझे जाना पड़ता है. They identify ways that texts differ according to mode and context and compare Hindi texts with similar texts in English. They identify similarities and differences between various Hindi dialects and explain how age, gender and social position influence language use. Students provide examples of how the Hindi language has been influenced by and has influenced other languages. They investigate the use of Hindi and the nature of Hindi speakers in the international context. They compare Hindi and English language use and cultural practices, identifying culture-specific terms and expressions.
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Hindi to exchange personal information and experiences, to give opinions and express feelings. When interacting with others, they use expressive and descriptive language, for example, नमस्ते आप कैसे हैं, मैं ठीक हूँ। मेरी माँ मुझे बहुत प्यार करती है, मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ। मेरे परिवार में हम सब साथ साथ रहतेहैं।, मुझेलगता है आप...
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By the end of Year 6, students use spoken and written Hindi to exchange personal information and experiences, to give opinions and express feelings. When interacting with others, they use expressive and descriptive language, for example, नमस्ते आप कैसे हैं, मैं ठीक हूँ। मेरी माँ मुझे बहुत प्यार करती है, मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ। मेरे परिवार में हम सब साथ साथ रहतेहैं।, मुझेलगता है आप ठीक कह रहे हैं। Students show interest in and respect for others, for example, मुझे माफ़ कीजिये, यह बहुत अच्छा है। बहुत खूब, मजा आ गया, यह बहुत अच्छा है। रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि...। सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से…। मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि….। They use action-oriented language to plan and conduct shared activities, for example, हम यह कहना चाहते हैं कि...। मैं आज आप को कुछ जानकारी देने जा रहा हूँ। हमारे समूह का विचार है कि..., हम आप के सामने आप एक नाटक पेश करने जा रहे हैं, आज हम आप के सामने प्रस्तुत करने जा रहे हैं... and complete transactions, for example, इसका क्या दाम है? , मुझे एक किलो दाल दीजिये। यह पोशाक कितने की है ये आम कितने के हैं? आपकी दुकान में सब से अच्छी फोटो कौन सी है , मुझे ठंडा शरबत चाहिये। क्या आप के यहाँ शाकाहारी भोजन मिलता हैं? आप के भोजनालय में सबसे स्वादिष्ट व्यंजन कौन सा है? मुझे दो रोटी के साथ एक दाल मक्खनी दे दीजिए.. When participating in classroom routines and activities, they ask and respond to questions, express opinions and ask for clarification, for example, है न?, नही, हाँ, यह क्या है?, मुझे समझ नहीं आया फिर से समझाइये, ठीक है, यह कैसे करनाहै, मेरे हिसाब से वहाँ जाना ठीक नहींहै, यह खाना बहुत स्वादिष्ट है, हमे वहाँ से खाना लेना चाहिये. Students use patterns of Hindi pronunciation and intonation when interacting, identifying regional variations. They gather, classify and compare information related to social and cultural worlds from a range of spoken, written and visual texts. They present information about aspects of language and culture in different formats selected to suit audience and context. They respond to a range of imaginative texts by identifying and discussing key elements such as storylines, characters and themes, for example, अमर चित्र कथा, पँचतंत्र की कहानियाँ, दादी की कहानियाँ, अल्लाद्दीन का चिराग, चाचा चौधरी और साबू, विक्रम और बैताल, पिंकी और बबलू, अकबर -बीरबल के क़िस्से. They create and perform short imaginative texts based on a stimulus, concept or theme, for example, दोस्ती, प्रेम, अहिंसा, अतिथि-सत्कार, अनेकता में एकता. When constructing texts, students use a variety of tenses, for example, खा रहा था, खा रही थी, खा रहा हूँ, खाऊँगा, खायेगा, खायेगी, जा रहा था, जाऊँगा, जा रहा हूँ adverbs, for example, साथ-साथ, अगर-मगर, कभी-कभी, धीरे-धीरे, जल्दी में, दौड़ते हुए and verb forms expressing actions happening, being made to happen or caused to happen, for example, बनना, बनाना, बन जाना। They connect their ideas using conjunctions, for example, मैंने स्वेटर पहना क्योंकि मुझे ठण्ड लग रही थी, तुम यहाँ बैठो या वहाँ जा कर खड़े हो जाओ, उसने दवाई खाई पर असर नहीं हुआ, राम ने खाना खाया और सो गया। They use number and gender distinctions such as एक आदमी, कई आदमी, एक लड़का, तीन लड़के, बेटी, बेटियाँ, नदी, नदियाँ. Students translate texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, identifying words and phrases that need interpretation, for example, उँगली पर नचाना, नाक में दम करना, अपने घर में कुत्ता भी शेर होता है, अंगूर खट्टे हैं. They create bilingual texts for their own and others’ learning. They identify how being bilingual and bicultural contributes to their own identity and influences their ways of communicating.
Students identify the relationship between word formation and pronunciation and apply the conventions of written script to their own constructions. They distinguish between active and passive voice and the intonation patterns of statements, questions and exclamations, for example, वह पास हो गया! क्या आप वहाँ जाएँगे? तुम अच्छे बच्चे हो।. They identify negative constructions, including negative forms of verbs and adjectives and the form and function of tenses, for example, सोहन ने फिल्म नहीं देखी। झूठ कभी मत बोलो. They distinguish between the structure and features of different forms of spoken and written texts and identify ways that texts create effects to suit different audiences. They give examples of how language use and ways of communicating vary according to the degree of formality and context, purpose and audience. They explain factors that have affected Hindi language over time, including the impact of other languages and cultures such as Sanskrit, Persian, English and Arabic. They give examples of how their language use varies according to social context and purpose and identify how ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems.
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By the end of Year 8, students initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written interactions on topics of mutual interest, for example, आपका क्या हाल है? आप कब वापस आये? परिवार में सब कैसे हैं? आप कहना क्या चाहते हैं? रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ..., सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि ... They exchange views or experiences and offer opinions using language...
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By the end of Year 8, students initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written interactions on topics of mutual interest, for example, आपका क्या हाल है? आप कब वापस आये? परिवार में सब कैसे हैं? आप कहना क्या चाहते हैं? रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ..., सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि ... They exchange views or experiences and offer opinions using language to encourage feedback and to express empathy or indicate agreement, for example, सुन कर बहुत ख़ुशी हुई, बधाई हो!, मुबारक हो। जन्मदिन की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें। बड़े दुःख की बात है; मुझे आप से सहानुभूति हैl आप बिलकुल सही कह रहे हैं। मैं आप से सौ प्रतिशत सहमत हूँ. Student complete transactions by negotiating, planning and solving problems, for example, यह लहंगा कितने का है? यह और कौन कौन से रंगों में उपलब्ध है? खाने में मिर्ची थोड़ी ज़्यादा डालना। चाय गरमा गरम होनी चाहिए। हम यह सामान वापिस नहीं ले सकते क्योंकि आपने रसीद खो दी है. They use reflective and evaluative language to support their own and others’ learning and to manage discussion and debate, for example, ध्यान देने की बात है क...., यह एक और दिलचस्प पहलू है…; जो आप कह रहे हैं वह ठीक है मगर यदि दूसरे दृषटिकोण से देखा जाए तो यह कहना ग़लत नहीं होगा कि.... यह विषय विवादास्पद है. When speaking Hindi, they apply pronunciation and rhythm patterns, including consonant clusters and English words used in Hindi, to a range of sentence types. They locate, collate and analyse information from a range of written, spoken and multimodal texts to provide an overview or to develop a position on selected issues or interests. They use different modes of communication to report on perspectives, views and experiences or to invite action and debate. They interpret ways in which values, characters and events are represented in a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts. Students create texts with imaginary characters and contexts in a range of forms to entertain different audiences. They use grammatical forms and features such as prefixes, for example, ज्ञान-अज्ञान-,समान-असमान and suffixes, for example, कृपालु, दयालु, लड़ाई, चढ़ाई), and create compound and complex sentences by using postpositions such as तुम अगर समय पर काम करोगे तो खेल सकोगे। हम सब को अपना कार्य मेहनत और सच्ची लगन से करना चाहिये जिस से हमे सफलता मिले। मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ, comparative adjectives, for example, गीता अपनी बहन से सुन्दर है। मोहन अपनी कक्षा में सब से होशियार है। राम थोड़ा लम्बा है। हेमा से अधिक चतुर है। and basic joining rules such as इ+आ = ए to achieve cohesion.They translate texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, and compare their own translations with others’, interpreting cultural elements. They produce texts in Hindi and English that reflect a bilingual and bicultural perspective. Students identify differences and similarities in the way they interact in Hindi and English, and describe the nature of identity and cultural experience and identify the relationship between the two.
Students identify the relationship between individual and combined elements of spoken and written Hindi and apply writing conventions, including spelling, to convey specific meaning in a range of texts. They use metalanguage to explain aspects of language and apply grammatical and lexical knowledge to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and to form and spell new ones. They use their knowledge of text structure and organisation to interpret the unfamiliar texts and create new ones. Students explain how and why language use varies according to context, purpose, audience, mode of delivery and the relationship between participants. They explain how and why their own use of Hindi has changed over time and depends on context. They identify the intercultural and multilingual nature of language use across global communities and in social media and popular culture and explain how this influences their own lives. Students explain how language forms and usage reflect cultural ideas, values and perspectives.
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate, sustain and extend a range of spoken and written formal and informal interactions about young people’s interests, behaviours and values, for example, आप कब वापस आये?, आप के जीवन में सुखी जीवन को व्यतीत करने के क्या उपाय हैं?तुम्हारे विचार में संयुक्त और एकल परिवार में से कौन सी पारिवारिक सरंचना आज के युग में ज़्यादा उपयुक्त है? आप के विचार में...
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By the end of Year 10, students initiate, sustain and extend a range of spoken and written formal and informal interactions about young people’s interests, behaviours and values, for example, आप कब वापस आये?, आप के जीवन में सुखी जीवन को व्यतीत करने के क्या उपाय हैं?तुम्हारे विचार में संयुक्त और एकल परिवार में से कौन सी पारिवारिक सरंचना आज के युग में ज़्यादा उपयुक्त है? आप के विचार में आज की युवा पीढ़ी पर किस का प्रभाव पड़ रहा है? तुम अपने दोस्तों के बारे में कुछ बताओ. They participate in activities that involve interactions, transactions, negotiations and managing different opinions and social/cultural behaviours, for example, यह ठीक है, हम सब मिल कर करेंगे, हमें इस में कुछ चित्र भी सम्मिलित करने चाहिये?, क्यों न हम सब ..., यही उचित रहेगा। आपको इसमें से एक चुनना है. When interacting, they use culturally appropriate expressions and protocols, for example, धन्यवाद, आप का बहुत बधाई हो ।अपनी पुत्री के शुभ विवाह पर मैं आपको आमंत्रित करना चाहता हूँ । मैं नेहा बेटी को आशीर्वाद देने ज़रूर आऊँगा। यह मेरा सौभाग्य है कि आप ने मुझे इतने महत्त्वपूर्ण अवसर में सम्मिलित होने का अवसर दिया, किन्तु मैं किसी कारणवश नहीं आ पाऊँगा।. They extend discussions and justify their views by asking open-ended questions and providing elaborated responses, for example, इस विषय पर आपके क्या विचार हैं, आप क्या सोचते हैं?, इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा मुझे विस्तार से बताओ। मेरे कहने का तात्पर्य है कि …, तुम यह कहना चाहते हो कि…, मुझे लगता है कि …. When speaking, they apply pronunciation rules and rhythm, including social and regional variations, to complex sentences. They research, interpret and evaluate information and perspectives on social issues or issues of interest to young people, and identify how culture and context influence the way information is presented. They convey information and perspectives using different text types and modes of presentation. They respond to different expressive and imaginative texts by analysing techniques and cultural influences used for aesthetic, humorous or emotional effects. Students create imaginative texts to express ideas, attitudes and emotions through characters, events and settings relating to bilingual and bicultural experiences. When creating texts, they use a variety of grammatical elements, such as joining rules, for example, आ+ओ=औ, क्+अ+ल= कल, कारक ; case, for example, ने, को, से, के लिए, में, पर; and a range of tenses and participles, for example, आ, ई, ऐ, जाना, वाला, रहा, सकना, पहुँचना, दिल्ली जाने वाले लोग, साइकिल पर लड़की चल रही है to produce complex sentences such as मैं पहले दिल्ली जाऊँगा फिर वहाँ से बम्बई जाऊँगा; कल मैं काम खत्म कर के आपने साथियो के साथ खेलने जाऊँगा. Students compare translations and interpretations of literary, community and social media texts, including those that use both Hindi and English. They create a range of bilingual texts that reflect the nature of their own and each other’s intercultural experience. They describe their experience of being bilingual or multilingual and explain the relationship between language, culture and identity.
Students apply their understanding of complex pronunciation rules and writing conventions, such as variations between spoken and written Hindi and between Sanskrit and Perso-Arabic script. They explain how elements of grammar and word formation allow for the expression of ideas and meaning. They analyse and construct a range of texts for different purpose and audiences and identify cultural, textual and contextual features. They explain how and why variations in Hindi language use relate to roles, relationships and contexts of interaction. Students identify and categorise changes to Hindi and to other languages in different domains of use such as education and popular culture. They explain how being bilingual or multilingual affects the ways they and their peers think, behave and communicate.
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By the end of Year 8, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and opinions about their personal worlds, for example, मेरे परिवार के अधिकतर सदस्य ऑस्ट्रेलिया में रहते हैं लेकिन कुछ सदस्य भारत में भी रहते हैं। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि...... They exchange greetings and wishes, for example, दीपावली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ, ईद मुबारक , परीक्षा में...
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By the end of Year 8, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and opinions about their personal worlds, for example, मेरे परिवार के अधिकतर सदस्य ऑस्ट्रेलिया में रहते हैं लेकिन कुछ सदस्य भारत में भी रहते हैं। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि...... They exchange greetings and wishes, for example, दीपावली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ, ईद मुबारक , परीक्षा में सफल होने के लिए बधाई and use descriptive and expressive language to share feelings, for example,उँगली पर नचाना, नाक में दम करना,मेरी चाचीजी मुझसे बहुत प्यार करती हैं ,मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ । हरे भरे खेत हवा के झोंकों के संग लहलहा रहे थे। पेड़ों के पत्तो में से सूरज की किरणें छन छन कर आ रही थीं। अपने घर में कुत्ता भी शेर होता है. Students use action-related and rehearsed language to engage in shared activities that involve planning, collaborating, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating, for example, इसके लिए संगीत की व्यवस्था कौन करेगा? किन चित्रों का उपयोग होगा इसका निर्णय हम कैसे करेंगे? यदि तुम तबला बजाओगे तो मैं गाऊँगी. They interact in classroom routines and exchanges by following instructions, asking and responding to questions, for example, आज २० जून है, आज सोमवार है, आज बहुत सर्दी है, requesting permission or clarification, for example, नहीं, मुझे समझ नहीं आया, कृपया फिर से दोहराइए l यह बहुत कठिन है । इसमें मुझे क्या करना है? इस प्रश्न का उत्तर क्या है? कृपया, यह फिर से समझाइये and responding to praise or criticism, for example, बहुत बढ़िया!. बुरा नहीं है। ठीकठाक! Students apply features of pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Hindi to a range of sentence types. They locate key points of information from a range of spoken, written and visual texts and communicate information and ideas related to personal, social and natural worlds using different modes of presentation. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by identifying and comparing favourite elements and discussing, characters, themes, effects and structure. Students use imaginative language to create original creative texts in different genres. They use key grammatical forms and structures in spoken and written texts, such as basic rules of word order, pronouns, for example, मैं, हम, तुम, ये, मैं, मेरा, तुम्हारा। यहाँ- वहाँ , यह-वह, postpositions, and gender and number agreement, for example, लड़का गाता है । लड़की गाती है। लड़के गातें हैं. Students compose simple statements and questions based on models such as तुम मेरे साथ चलो। तुम कैसे हो? They translate and interpret short texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not readily translate, such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं. They create shared bilingual texts for the classroom, school and wider community. They identify differences and similarities in the way they interact in Hindi and English and describe the relationship between identity and cultural experience.
Students make connections between spoken and written Hindi and identify and apply the conventions of the Devanagari script, including elements such as the writing of conjunct characters, for example, क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, consonant combinations, for example, क+इ = कि , क+ई=की and matras, for example, कु , कू . They identify the structure and textual and grammatical features of different personal, informative, persuasive and imaginative texts. They identify ways in which spoken and written Hindi vary according to context and situation. Students give examples of how Hindi has changed over time due to different influences and interactions and how it has in turn influenced other languages. They identify the diversity of language practices in multicultural communities and describe how languages reflect values, belief systems and perspectives.
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Hindi in familiar and unfamiliar contexts to discuss and compare experiences and to express views on local and global issues, for example, पारिवारिक सम्बन्ध या सामाजिक मीडिया का उपयोग – डिजिटल दुनिया, मेरा समुदाय, श्रमिक दिवस, स्वतंत्रता दिवस, बैसाखी, भारत का शास्त्रीय संगीत, बॉलीवुड फिल्मों का इतिहास, ऑस्ट्रेलिया के दर्शनीय स्थल....
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By the end of Year 10, students use written and spoken Hindi in familiar and unfamiliar contexts to discuss and compare experiences and to express views on local and global issues, for example, पारिवारिक सम्बन्ध या सामाजिक मीडिया का उपयोग – डिजिटल दुनिया, मेरा समुदाय, श्रमिक दिवस, स्वतंत्रता दिवस, बैसाखी, भारत का शास्त्रीय संगीत, बॉलीवुड फिल्मों का इतिहास, ऑस्ट्रेलिया के दर्शनीय स्थल. They use action-related and spontaneous language to engage in shared activities that involve brainstorming, transacting, negotiation and problem-solving, for example, म्रत्यु-दण्ड या इच्छा-म्रत्यु के बारे में विचार विनिमय, बाज़ार में खरीददारी, शरणार्थियों की समस्या पर परिचर्चा. They interact in classroom exchanges by asking and responding respectfully to questions. When participating in discussions and shared learning activities, students use elaborated sentences and interactional cues to support debate, provide clarification and maintain cohesion and focus of discussion, for example, तो, उदाहरण के लिए, तदनुसार, आम तौर पर, दूसरे शब्दों में, विशेष रूप से, इस प्रकार, इसलिये, आप इस विषय में क्या सोचते हैं? क्या आप इसे विस्तार में समझाने की कृपा करेँगे? तुम समझ रहे हो न मैं क्या कह रहा हूँ l मेरी राय में…… मेरे कहने का अर्थ है... आपको नहीं लगता कि… मेरा सुझाव तो यही है कि .... They respond respectfully to different views, for example, मेरे विचार में…..ऐसा लगता है कि…; … हमें ध्यान रखना चाहिए… यह विवादास्पद है , लेकिन वास्तव में , मेरा विश्वास है…, मै आश्वस्त हूँ … and express agreement and disagreement in culturally appropriate ways. They apply appropriate pronunciation and intonation to spoken Hindi, identifying regularities and irregularities. They locate, process and analyse information obtained from different sources. They convey ideas and viewpoints from a range of perspectives using different text types and modes of presentation suited to context. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by identifying settings, themes and values, and discussing stylistic devices and the representation of characters and events. They produce imaginative texts using expressive, descriptive and evocative language in a range of modes and formats. When creating texts, students use complex features and patterns of the Hindi grammatical system such as passive voice, for example, रंगोली बनवायी जा रही है, छुट्टी करवाई जा रही है , compound words and phrases, and a variety of verb tenses, for example, पिछले वर्ष जैसे हमने होली का त्योहार मनाया था, उसी प्रकार इस वर्ष भी हम होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाएँगे . They use vocabulary and expressions related to personal, social, environmental and global worlds, and apply appropriate writing conventions to increase text cohesion and enhance expression. Students translate and interpret familiar texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, explaining how cultural elements affect meaning. Students create bilingual texts that reflect the experience of being bilingual and bicultural. They explain their language choices and communicative behaviours in different intercultural interactions, and identify the adjustments they make according to context. They explain how language, culture and identity shape and reflect ways of communicating and thinking.
Students identify regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Hindi, and apply their understanding of the Hindi writing system to express complex information and ideas and enhance meaning. They analyse the relationship between language choices, cultural elements and textual features, and the audience, purpose and context of different spoken, written and multimodal texts. Students explain how spoken and written forms of Hindi vary according to social roles, contexts and modes of expression, and compare these variations to those in other languages. They explain the dynamic nature of language and give examples of how languages change over time and contexts. They identify key features of multilingual experience, with reference to their own and community language practices. They explain how languages and cultures shape and are shaped by each and how cultural experience, values and identities are reflected in language.
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information about themselves and others, everyday routines and events at school and in their local Turkish and multilingual communities. They ask and respond to questions to elicit information about each other, for example, Kendini tanıtır mısın? Nerelisin? Ailen nereden geldi? Ben Türküm ve Avustralyalıyım...
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By the end of Year 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information about themselves and others, everyday routines and events at school and in their local Turkish and multilingual communities. They ask and respond to questions to elicit information about each other, for example, Kendini tanıtır mısın? Nerelisin? Ailen nereden geldi? Ben Türküm ve Avustralyalıyım. Ailem Avustralya’ya İzmir’den geldi and identify wishes associated with events in their communities, for example, Bayramınız kutlu olsun! Mutluluklar dilerim. Kınan kutlu olsun! They compare preferences, for example, Futbol yerine tenis oynamak istiyorum and exchange simple written forms of social correspondence, such as invitations, messages for birthdays, Mother’s and Father’s Days, religious celebrations and national days, for example, Bayramınız mübarek olsun! 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramınız kutlu olsun! Anneler günün kutlu olsun!. They use formulaic expressions to participate in shared tasks, activities and transactional exchanges such as working together to organise an event, for example, Doğum günü davetiyesini kim yazacak? Ben pastayı getiririm. They use modelled language to interact in classroom routines, such as responding to questions directions and requests, for example, Bugün hava nasıl? Bugün hava güneşli ve sıcak! Bugün önce birlikte bir kitap okuyacağız, sonra bir oyun oynayacağız, asking for help or permission, for example, Anlayamadım, tekrar eder misiniz? Bu kelime nasıl okunur?, attracting attention and rehearsing new language. When interacting, they use Turkish pronunciation and intonation and apply the vowel harmony rule to high-frequency words. Students locate and organise key points of information in different types of spoken, written and visual texts relating to personal, social and natural worlds and, with the assistance of support materials such as photos and maps, present information about home, school and community. They respond to imaginative texts by making simple statements about favourite elements and acting out key events and interactions. They create simple imaginative texts using formulaic expressions and modelled language. Students use key grammatical forms and structures, such as verbs, adjectives and adverbs, to describe and elaborate on action, places and people, for example, mavi köşkte, Kısa saçlı biriydi, Çok dikkatli yürü and Dün sabah geldi and conjunctions to link ideas. They express facts using simple present and past tense suffixes, and use negation and affirmation suffixes to form simple sentences, for example, biliyorum/ bilmiyorum, okur/okumaz, uyudu/uyumadı, geleceğim/gelmeyeceğim, gitmiş/gitmemiş. They translate and compare common Turkish and English expressions, words or gestures and create simple bilingual texts for the classroom and community. Students describe similarities and differences in ways of using language and interacting with people when communicating in Turkish and English, and identify how their individual and group sense of identity is expressed in the languages they use.
Students identify Turkish sound and writing patterns to pronounce and spell high frequency words. They use simple metalanguage such as isimler, fiiller, sıfatlar, zarflar, ekler- ismin halleri, zamirler to talk about language. They identify ways that the features of texts differ according to mode and context, and compare Turkish texts with similar texts in English. They provide examples of how language use varies according to age, gender and social position, for example, lütfen yapmayın/yapmasana!/yapma!, and identify regional differences in language use, including dialects and accents. They identify how languages change over time, providing examples of Turkish words borrowed from other languages such as English and vice versa. They make connections between Turkish language and culture, identifying culture-specific terms, expressions and gestures.
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